법헌
저자:법헌 1944년에태어나,순천선암사에서득도하였다. 연세대산업대학원,동국대박물관대학원,한국불교태고종중앙강원을수료하였다. 실담범자진언·다라니연구회를설립(2010년)하였으며,12차례에걸쳐실담범자서화전시회(2012~23년)및국회초청의원회관개인전(2014년)을열었다. 현재안산법륜사에주석하면서실담자사경지도를하고있으며,한국최초의『실담범자반야심경』,『신묘장구대다라니범어실담자사경』,『광명진언범어실담자사경』등을펴냈다.
서문·5서론─·171.진언(眞言),다라니(陀羅尼),주(呪)·171)진언(眞言,만뜨라,mantra)172)다라니193)주(明呪,vidyamantra)202.태장만다라의의미·203.삼밀가지(三密加持)란·214.만다라를구성하는존상(尊像)의형(形)·221)여래형(如來形)의특징222)보살형(菩薩形)의특징233)명왕형(明王形)의특징244)천부형(天部形)의특징245.금강저(金剛杵)의종류·256.태장만다라(胎藏曼茶羅)의의미와구조·261.중대팔엽원─311.대일여래2.보당여래3.개부화왕여래4.무량수여래5.천고뇌음여래6.보현보살7.문수보살8.관자재보살9.미륵보살2.변지원─6310.일체여래지인11.우루빈나가섭12.가야가섭13.불안불모14.대용맹보살15.칠구지불모16.대안락불공진실보살3.연화부원(관음원)─8317.성관자재보살18.연화부발생보살19.대세지보살20.비구지보살21.다라보살22.다라사자23.만공양24.대명백신보살25.연화부사자26.마두관음보살27.대수구보살28,29,30.연화부사자31.솔도파대길상보살32.야수다라보살33.봉교사자34.연화부사자35.여의륜보살36.연화군다리37.보공양38.대길상대명보살39.소향보살40.대길상명보살41.연화부사자42.적유명보살43.피엽의보살44.백신관자재보살45.풍재보살46.연화부사자47.불공견삭관음보살48.연화부사자49.수길상보살50.도향보살51.대길상변보살52.연화부사자53.백처존보살4.금강수원(살타원)─14954.금강살타55.발생금강부보살56.금강구녀보살57.금강수지금강보살58.지금강봉보살59.금강사자60.금강권보살61.분노월염보살62.허공무구지금강보살63.금강뇌지금강보살64.분노지금강보살65.금강사자66.금강사자67.허공무변초월보살68.금강군다리69.대력금강70.금강쇄보살71.금강구녀72.금강동자73.금강지보살74.지금강리보살75.금강륜지보살76.금강설보살77.역열지금강보살78.금강사자79.금강아보살80.금강권81.이희론보살82.금강사자83.지묘금강보살84.손파85.금강왕보살86.대륜금강보살5.지명원─21187.반야보살88.대위덕명왕89.승삼세명왕90.항삼세명왕91.부동명왕6.석가원─22992.석가여래93.관자재보살94.허공장보살95.무능승비96.무능승명왕97.일체여래보98.여래호상보살99.대전륜불정100.고불정101.무량음성불정102.여래비보살103.여래민보살104.여래자보살105.여래삭걸지106.전단향벽지불107.다마라향벽지불108.대목건련109.수보리110.가섭파111.사리불112.여래희보살113.여래사보살114.백산개불정115.승불정116.최승불정117.광취불정118.최쇄불정119.여래설보살120.여래어보살121.여래소보살122.여래아보살123.윤복벽지불124.보복벽지불125.구치라126.아난다127.가전연128.우파리129.지구치라보살130.공양운해보살7.문수원─309131.문수사리보살132.관자재보살133.보현보살134.불가월수호135.상향수호136.광망보살137.보관보살138.무구광보살139.월광보살140.묘음보살141.동모로142.아이다143.아파라이다144.비자야145.자야146.계설니동녀147.우파계설니동녀148.질달라동녀149.지혜동녀150.소청동녀151.부사의혜동녀152,153.문수봉교자154,155.문수봉교자8.지장원─349156.제일체우명보살157.불공견보살158.보인수보살159.보처보살160.지장보살161.보수보살162.지지보살163.견고심심보살164.일광보살9.제개장원─369165.비민보살166.파악취보살167.시무외보살168.현호보살169.제개장보살170.비민혜보살171.자발생보살172.절제열뇌보살173.부사의혜보살10.허공장원─389174.허공장보살175.단바라밀보살176.계바라밀보살177.인욕바라밀보살178.정진바라밀보살179.선바라밀보살180.반야바라밀보살181.방편바라밀보살182.원바라밀보살183.역바라밀보살184.지바라밀보살185.공발의전륜보살186.생념처보살187.분노구관자재보살188.불공구관자재보살189.천수천안관자재보살190,191.비천192.공덕천193.바수대선194.무구서보살195.소바호보살196.금강침보살197.소실지갈라보살198.만다라보살199.일백팔비금강장왕보살200,201.비천사자11.소실지원─411202.불공공양보보살203.공작왕모204.일계나찰205.십일면관자재보살206.불공금강보살207.금강군다리208.금강장보살209.금강명왕12.최외원(동방)─459210.이사나천211.희면천212.상취천213.기수천후214.기수천215.견뇌지신후216.견뇌지신217.비상천218.무소유처천219.식무변처정220.공무변처천221.자야222.일천223.미자야224.제석천225.수문천226.수문천녀227.수문천228.수문천녀229.지국천230.대범천231.묘수232.필수233.자수234.삼수235.귀수236.정수237.유수238.우밀궁239.백양궁240,241.부부궁242.혜성243.유성244.일요245.일요권속246.바수선후247.바수대선248.화천후249.화천13.최외원(남방)─501250.아예라선251.아예라선후252.구담선253.구담선후254.비유녀255.자재녀256.야마녀257.현병궁258.마갈궁259.쌍어궁260.라후성261.목요262.화요263.성수264.진수265.항수266.장수267.익수268.각수269.저수270.약차지명녀271.약차지명272.약차지명녀273.증장천274.증장천사자275.난타용왕276.오파난타용왕277.아수라278.아수라279.염마천280.흑암천녀281.태산부군282.귀중283.탈일체인명284.비사차285.비사차286.비사차287.비사차288.비사차289.비사차290.비사차291.비사차292.다길니293.다길니294.다길니295.사귀296.보다귀중297.보다귀중298,299.보다귀중300.마니아수라301.마니아수라권속302.마니아수라권속303.아수라304.아수라권속305.아수라권속306.가루라307.가루라308.구반다309.구반다310.나찰동311.나찰동14.최외원(서방)─561312.열리저왕313.나찰녀314.나찰녀315.대자재천316.대자재천비317.범천녀318.제석녀319.구마리320.차문다321.마나사녀322.마나사남323.수요324.토요325.월요326.칭궁327.갈충궁328.궁궁329.여수330.우수331.두수332.미수333.기수334.방수335.심수336.수천권속337.수천338.난타용왕339.오파난타용왕340.대면천341.난파천342.광목천343.수천344.수천비345.수천비권속346.나라연천347.나라연천비348.변재천349.구마라천350.월천351.월천비352.고천353.가천354.가천355.악천356.풍천비권속357.풍천비358.풍천권속359.풍천권속360.풍천15.최외원(북방)─617361.풍천권속362.풍천권속363.광음천녀364.광음천365.광음천녀366.대광음천녀367.대광음천368.대광음천녀369.도솔천녀370.도솔천371.도솔천녀372.타화자재천녀373.타화자재천374.타화자재천녀375.지만천녀376.지만천377.지만천녀378.성취지명선녀379.성취지명선380.성취지명선녀381.마후라가382.마후라가383.마후라가384.긴나라385.긴나라386.가천387.악천388.가천389.제석천비390.제석천391.구비라392.구비라녀393.난타용왕394.오파난타용왕395.비사문천396.성취지명선397.성취지명선녀398.허수399.위수400.실수401.규수402.벽수403.위수404.누수405.소녀궁406.해궁407.사자궁408.금요409.전귀410.비나야가411.마하가라412.이사나천비범어실담자쓰는법·673존상찾아보기·681
만다라는도상을통한밀교수행의한방편이다.이책은그중에서도태장만다라에등장하는여래,보살,명왕,천신,신중등412분의존상과설명,진언및실담자표기,종자와수인,삼매야형을직접그려모신역작이다.이는실로저자가실담자를연구하고불화도직접그리는작가이기에가능한일이다.1.만다라는어원상으로보면‘본질을갖추는것’또는‘제법(諸法)을구족(具足)하는것’으로,이는부처님의무상정등각(無上正等覺),즉‘가장높은깨달음’의본질을얻는다는뜻이다.이런어원처럼,만다라는밀교에서깨달음을얻은부처의내면세계혹은부처의법신(法身)인진리의세계를상징적으로표현하여수행자가깨달음에이르게하는데사용하는수행방편으로,특히티베트와일본,중국에서크게성행했으며,우리나라도후불탱화로전해져오고있다.밀교의대표적경전은《대일경》과《금강정경》인데,태장만다라(胎藏曼茶羅)는《대일경》을근거로하고금강계만다라는《금강정경》을근거로한다.이둘을양부만다라혹은양계만다라라고하며,태장만다라는이(理)의세계를금강계만다라의지(智)의세계를나타낸다고한다.2.태장만다라는중대팔엽원(中臺八葉院)을중심으로12대원이순차적으로중심에서사방팔방의바깥쪽으로퍼져나가는구성을가지고있는데,이는《대일경》에서설하는이론에따른것이다.《대일경》은총36장으로이루어져있는데,제1장은주로교리를설하고있고,제2장부터는만다라의건립방법을비롯하여수행방법등이자세하게설명되어있다.《대일경(大日經)》은《대비로자나경》이라고도하며,《대비로자나성불신변가지경》의준말이다.이름에서알수있듯이대일여래,즉비로자나불이주인공인경이다.따라서태장만다라의중심에는대일여래(비로자나불)가자리하고있다.대일여래는근본불(法身)로서,태양의빛과같은지혜의빛으로중생을제도하는대자비가무량하게펼쳐지는것을나타내며,중생의생명력을상징하기도한다.태장만다라는이대일여래가중앙에위치한중대팔엽원(中臺八葉院)을중심으로변지원(遍知院)-연화부원(蓮花部院)-금강수원(金剛手院)-지명원(持明院)-석가원(釋迦院)-지장원(地藏院)-허공장원(虛空藏院)-제개장원(除蓋障院)-문수원(文殊院)-소실지원(蘇悉地院)-외금강부원(外金剛部院)의12대원이펼쳐진다.이12대원의중심은당연히대일여래가자리하고있는중대팔엽원이며,여기에는대일여래(중앙;법계체성지),보당여래(동;대원경지),개부화왕여래(남;평등성지),무량수여래(서;묘관찰지),천고뇌음여래(북;성소작지)의다섯부처님과보현보살,문수보살,관자재보살,미륵보살이모셔져있다.중대팔엽원은활짝핀연꽃의모습으로,이는깨달음을상징한다.이렇듯이책은태장만다라에등장하는412분존상(尊像;불보살,명왕,천왕,천신28수,축생·아귀·중생)을직접그려모시고각존상마다진언(眞言,mantra),밀호(密號),지물(持物),수인(手印),종자(種字)등을부여하여해석을달았으며,이를통해중생들이근기(根器)에맞게수행하여깨달음으로가도록엮어놓았다.여기서의다양한연꽃과존상들이지니고있는지물들은상징을통해수행자들이번뇌를타파하여보리심,대비심,방편심을완성시켜서성불(成佛)하는데도움을주는방편이다.3.태장(胎藏)이란태아가모태(母胎)안에서갈무리되어자라는것을말한다.즉인간의모성(母性)원리를발상으로해서,인간과우주의모든것을포괄하고갈무리하여태어나게하고성장시키는것을도상화한것이태장만다라이다.모태에는생명이성장할수있는모든것이갖춰져있듯이,부처의중생에대한무량,무한한자비심을모태에비유한것이다.이를종교적측면에서보면단을구성하고수행의장소인도량을만들어불보살과명왕과성현과천신들을모셔서부처와모든중생들의합일(合一)을구현하는,성불의성지이기도하다.결국,만다라를조성하여모시고수행하는목적은수행자들이모든번뇌를떨쳐내고열반(涅槃)에이르는,즉일체지지(一切智智)를증득하여즉신성불(卽身成佛)하는데있다.태장만다라12부원의구조부터,각부원에모셔진존상의모습과위치,존상의의미,형상,진언과지물등을상세히설명하고있는이책이만다라를통해수행하고자하는이들에게,그리고여법하게만다라를조성하고자하는이들에게수행과공덕의방편이되기를기대한다.