과학이란 무엇인가?

박재용,이영희,조희형

1998년강원대학교사범대학과학교육과B.S.
2007년한국교원대학교지구과학교육전공Ed.M.
2012년강원대학교과학교육학과,Ed.D.
2018-서울교육대학교과학교육과교수
저서:《과학수행평가》
역서:《중ㆍ고등학교과학수업》,《과학교사PCK재개념화:개선된합의모델(RCM)의이해와적용》

머리말················································································································3
서론················································································································11

제1장과학의본성과속성···················································································17
1.과학의정의···································································································17
2.과학의가치···································································································19
3.과학의목적···································································································21
1)기술·············································································································23
2)설명·············································································································24
3)이해·············································································································24
4)예상·············································································································25
5)통제·············································································································26
4.과학의영역과대상························································································27
1)순수/기초과학································································································28
2)응용과학·······································································································29
3)과학기술·······································································································30
5.과학에대한오인과한계·················································································31
ㆍ생각정리하기··································································································34
ㆍ생각나누기·····································································································35

제2장과학의분야별역사와발달·········································································37
1.물리학의발달과특성······················································································37
2.화학의발달과특성·························································································41
3.생명과학의발달과특성···················································································43
4.지구과학의발달과특성···················································································45
5.통합과학/융합과학의특성················································································47
ㆍ생각정리하기··································································································49
ㆍ생각나누기·····································································································50

제3장과학철학과과학의발달모형······································································51
1.경험주의와귀납적추리··················································································53
1)경험주의의형성과발달··················································································54
2)귀납적추리방법의특성과한계······································································55
3)유비추리와실용성··························································································58
2.합리주의와연역적추리··················································································59
1)이성주의의형성과발달··················································································59
2)연역적추리방법의특성·················································································61
3)이성주의의문제와한계··················································································63
3.실증주의와가설-연역적추리··········································································64
1)실증주의의형성과발달··················································································64
2)조작주의와조작적정의··················································································67
3)환원주의와과학의통일··················································································68
4)가설-연역적추리···························································································71
4.반증주의와귀추적추리··················································································73
1)반증주의의형성과특성··················································································74
2)반증주의와반증가능성····················································································75
3)과학적방법으로서의귀추적추리방법·····························································76
4)반증주의의문제와한계··················································································78
5.반논리실증주의와본체의존재논증··································································79
1)실재론의정의와대두배경··············································································80
2)과학적실재론············································