수업의 방법-기술

한형식

경력
·1930전남순천시생
·1951광주사범학교졸업
·1972광주교육대학졸업
·1985,1990일본쓰꾸바대학부속소학교수업기술연수과정수료
·1996초등학교교장정년퇴임
·1996한국열린교육협의회부설열린교육연구소소장
·2000송광수업기술연구소개설
·2001광주교육대학교교육학과강사
·2002수업기술공유재산화운동주재(현재)
·2025송광수업기술연구소소장(현재)

저서
·국민학교어린이의생활및학습방법의길잡이,탐구출판,1981.
·뒤떨어지기쉬운어린이도제대로학습할수있는수업-학습방략,탐구출판,1985.
·전원참가수업기술의모색,탐구출판,1987.
·수업기술의정석모색,교육과학사,1994.
·수업개혁,교육과학사,1998.
·수업사례로배우는수업기술의법칙,즐거운학교,2009.
·모두가참가하는수업에는법칙이있다,즐거운학교,2015.
·매개적수업기술(공저),교육과학사,1993.
·열린교육의이해(공저),양서원,1994.
·발문기술,바른북스,2022

번역서
·노구찌요시히로,수업으로단련한다,교육과학사,1998.
·아리다가스마사,새로운학습지도어떻게할까?,아름다운세상,2002.
·무코야마요이치,어린이가열중하는수업에는법칙이있다,즐거운학교,2009.
·노구찌요시히로,전원의학력을보장하는수업,아름다운세상,2010.
·무코야마요이치,아이들이하는수업에는법칙이있다,즐거운학교,2012.
·무코야마요이치,교육기술입문,즐거운학교,2013.

머리말/3

Ⅰ.1951년의수업과2025년의수업이야기/13
1.필자에관한이야기·····················································································13
2.1951년의수업이야기·················································································14
3.2025년오늘의수업이야기·········································································16

Ⅱ.수업의최종목표와현행수업의문제점/21
1.수업의최종목표························································································21
2.현행수업의문제점·····················································································23

Ⅲ.수업과심진일으키기/25
1.심진이라는말의뜻·····················································································25
2.심진을일으키는장치··················································································30
3.심진을일으키는기술··················································································37
1)누구나쉽게응답할수있는문제로도입한다·················································38
2)지적기로에세움으로써헷갈리게한다··························································41
3)기지와모순되거나그것을부정하는정보를제공한다······································42
4)애매하고불확실한정보를제공함으로써헷갈리게한다···································46
5)대립되는사고장면을조성한다····································································49
6)예상밖의의표를찌르는정보를제공한다·····················································52
7)가치갈등상황을조성한다··········································································57
8)시연실험을한다························································································59
9)속아넘어가기쉬운자료를제시한다·····························································65
10)OX로평정한다·························································································69
11)진지한논의끝에얻어낸결론을부정하여버린다·········································73
12)예상과어긋나는정보에접하게한다···························································76
13)혼잣말하면서사고하도록한다····································································78
14)하나의생각을지지하는자신과부정하는자신이염두토론한다·····················80
15)가려놓고호기심을북돋는다·····································································84
16)불완전한자료를제공한다··········································································86
17)허위정보를제공한다················································································90
18)구체물을제시함으로써물음이내발토록한다···············································97
19)가상상황을제시한다···············································································101
20)선택지를주어사고하도록한다·································································105
21)정의와일치하는것과일치하지않는것을섞어놓는다································108
22)지적기로에세움으로써망설이게한다·······················································110
23)상식과어긋나는일과만나도록한다··························································113

IV.발문/117
1.현행발문의문제점····················································································119
1)발문이지나치게어렵다··············································································120
2)발문의답이오직하나이며,교사의머릿속에있다·········································122
3)발문-거수-지명-발표시스템에의하여A군들만이참가하는문답이되고있다···131
2.발문의정의·······························································································134
3.발문만들기의원칙·····················································································135
1)발문안에알맞은정도의해결방법(힌트)이깃들어있어야한다······················136
2)가나다3수준발문법···················································································140
4.발문만들기의실제·····················································································146
1)각자에게알맞은정도의힌트를준다·····························································146
2)원인행위를한자를찾는다·········································································155

Ⅴ.전원이동시참가-동시사고-동시분류하기/159
1.발문-거수-지명-발표시스템의폐기·····························································159
2.전원동시참가-동시사고-동시발표·····························································163
1)파상형전원동시발표················································································165
2)소신형전원동시발표················································································176
3)카드형전원동시발표················································································178
4)판서형전원동시발표················································································181

VI.전원이참가ㆍ사고ㆍ성취하는수업의기술/185
1.전원이학습문제를파악하고있어야한다·······················································186
2.전원이자기나름의해답을마련하여기록한다················································189
3.기록하면서사고한다····················································································192
1)기록하는일이곧사고하는일이다································································193
2)기록하는방법·····························································································197

VII.발표내용을경청한다/199
1.현행수업의문제점의하나···········································································199
1