암의 생물학

RobertA.Weinberg

1장세포와생명체의생물학과유전학
1.1Mendel은유전학의기본법칙들을확립했다2
1.2Mendeliangenetics는Darwinianevolution을뒷받침한다4
1.3Mendeliangenetics는gene과chromosome모두의행동을결정한다7
1.4Chromosome은대부분의cancercell에서변해있다10
1.5Cancer를유발하는mutation은germline(생식세포)과soma(체세포)두곳전부에서발생한다11
1.6DNA속에있는genotype은protein을통해phenotype을만든다15
1.7Geneexpressionpattern은phenotype도조절한다19
1.8Transcriptionfactor는geneexpression을조절한다21
1.9Metazoa(후구동물)는오랜진화기간동안구성성분들이보존되어형성되었다22
1.10Genecloning기술은normalcell과malignantcell의연구에대변혁을가져왔다23
2장Cancer의본질
2.1Tumor는정상세포로부터발생한다26
2.2Tumor는다양한유형의분화세포로부터발생한다28
2.3몇몇유형의Tumor는주요분류법을적용하기적합치않다34
2.4Cancer는점진적으로형성된다34
2.5Tumor는MonoclonalGrowth이다39
2.6Tumor는서로다른집단에서매우다른빈도로발생한다43
2.7Cancer의위험은생활양식을포함한특정인자에의해증가할수있다45
2.8Chemical(화학물질)은cancer를유발할수있다46
2.9물리적및화학적Carcinogen(발암물질)모두Mutagen(돌연변이원)으로작용한다48
2.10Mutagen은일부의HumanCancer를유발할수있다52
2.11개요및전망54
Keyconcept55
Thoughtquestion56
Additionalreading56
3장TumorVirus
3.1PeytonRous의chickensarcoma(육종)virus발견58
3.2Roussarcomavirus는infectedcell을transformation시킨다61
3.3Transformation이유지되기위해서는RSV가지속적으로필요하다63
3.4DNA분자를가지고있는virus는cancer를일으킬수있다65
3.5Tumorvirus는tumorigenecity의획득과같은cellphenoytpechange를일으킨다69
3.6Tumorvirusgenome은transform된hostcellDNA의일부가되어존속한다71
3.7Retroviralgenome은감염된세포의chromosome에삽입된다73
3.8RSV에있는srcgene의또다른형태는감염되지않은세포내에도존재한다75
3.9RSV는가져온cellulargene을이용하여cell을transform시킨다77
3.10척추동물의genome은많은종류의proto-oncogene을가지고있다80
3.11느리게transformation하는retrovirus들은그들의genome을cellulargene옆에끼워넣음으로써proto-oncogene을활성화한다82
3.12어떤retrovirus들은태생적으로oncogene을가지고있다84
3.13개요및전망86
Keyconcept88
Thoughtquestion90
Additionalreading90
4장CellularOncogene
4.1Endogenousretrovirus의활성화에의해종양은촉진될수있는가?92
4.2DNAtransfection은nonviraloncogene을찾는전략을제공한다93
4.3인간tumor세포주에서발견된oncogene은transformingretrovirus에의해운반되는것과어떠한연관성이있을까?98
4.4Proto-oncogene은단백질의발현이나구조에영향을미치는유전적변화에의해활성화될수있다103
4.5Myc주제에대한변주곡:Myconcogene은적어도3개의부가적인독특한메커니즘을통해생길수있다107
4.6protein의다양한구조적변화는oncogene활성화로이어질수있다111
4.7개요및전망112
Keyconcept115
Thoughtquestion117
Additionalreading117
5장GrowthFactor와Receptor,그리고Cancer
5.1정상적인metazoancell(후생동물세포)들은서로의생명현상을조절한다121
5.2Tyrosinekinase로서의Src단백질의기능123
5.3EGFreceptor는tyrosinekinase로작용한다126
5.4변형된growthfactorreceptor는oncoprotein(종양단백질)으로기능할수있다129
5.5Growthfactor유전자는oncogene이될수있다:sis의사례132
5.6Transphosphorylation(인산전이작용)은receptortyrosinekinase작용의기초가된다135
5.7포유류세포는여러가지형태의receptor를통해주변환경과소통할수있다141
5.8Integrinreceptor는세포와extracellularmatrix의결합을인지한다147
5.9Downstreamsignalingcascade의요소인Rasprotein은Gprotein으로서작용한다150
5.10개요및전망153
Keyconcept157
Thoughtquestion158
Additionalreading158
6장세포질의신호전달회로는Cancer의다양한특징을프로그램한다
6.1세포표면에서핵으로전달되는신호경로161
6.2Rasprotein은복잡한signalingcascade의중심에있다164
6.3Tyrosinephosphorylation은위치제어를통하여많은cytoplasmicsignalingprotein들의활동을제어한다166
6.4Growthfactorreceptor가Ras를활성화하고,signalingspecificity를획득하는데에는SH2group이중요한역할을수행한다171
6.5Ras로부터시작되는3개의주요downstreamsignalingpathway에kinasecascade가포함된다173
6.6Ras의두번째downstreampathway는inositollipid와Akt/PKBkinase를조절한다176
6.7세번째Ras조절경로는Ras의먼친척인,Ral을통하여작용한다183
6.8Jak-STATpathway는plasmamembrane에서핵으로신호를전달한다185
6.9Celladhesionreceptor에서방출된signal은growthfactorreceptor로부터의signal과합쳐진다186
6.10Wnt?β-cateninpathway가cellproliferation에기여한다189
6.11G-protein-coupledreceptor는정상적인proliferation과neplasticproliferation모두를유도할수있다191
6.12네개의signalingpathway가정상과종양proliferation에여러방법으로기여한다193
6.13개요및전망197
Keyconcept204
Thoughtquestion207
Additionalreading207
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