서영조
한국외국어대학교영어과,동국대학교대학원연극영화과졸업.20여년간국내학습자들을위한유익한영어학습콘텐츠를개발·집필해왔다.초등학생을위한영어부터성인영어까지,대상에따른맞춤식접근으로목표한바를쉽게얻을수있는학습서를집필하고있다.영어를처음공부하는초등어린이들에게는소화하기쉬운설명과난이도로,성인학습자들에게는일상생활에바로적용할수있는실용적인콘텐츠로수많은독자들에게각광을받고있다.또한전문번역가로서영어권도서들과부산국제영화제를비롯한여러영화제출품작들을번역하고있기도하다.지은책으로는『디즈니OST잉글리시』,『디즈니주니어잉글리시겨울왕국』,『거의모든행동표현의영어』,『영어회화의결정적단어들』등이있다.
서문:왜문장패턴을알아야하는가?
이책의구성과활용법
미리알고가자
PART1미리알고가야할패턴들
CHAPTER1문장요소들의다양한결합
SENTENCEPATTERN0011형식:주어+일반동사
SENTENCEPATTERN0021형식:주어+be동사(+장소)
SENTENCEPATTERN0031형식:Thereis+주어(단수명사)/Thereare+주어(복수명사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0041형식:There+일반동사+주어
SENTENCEPATTERN0052형식:주어+be동사+보어(명사(구)/형용사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0062형식:주어+become류동사+보어(명사(구)/형용사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0072형식:주어+동사+보어(to부정사/동명사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0082형식:주어+동사+보어(의문사+to부정사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0092형식:주어+동사+보어(접속사that절)
SENTENCEPATTERN0102형식:주어+동사+보어(의문사절)
SENTENCEPATTERN0112형식:주어+동사+보어(관계대명사what절)
SENTENCEPATTERN0122형식:주어+look/feel+형용사
주어+looklike/feellike+명사
주어+looklike/feellike+주어+동사
SENTENCEPATTERN0132형식:주어+sound/smell/taste+형용사
주어+sound/smell/tastelike+명사
SENTENCEPATTERN0142형식:Itis+보어+to부정사/Itis+보어+that절
SENTENCEPATTERN0153형식:주어+동사+목적어(명사/대명사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0163형식:주어+동사+목적어(동명사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0173형식:주어+동사+목적어(to부정사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0183형식:주어+동사+목적어(의문사구)
SENTENCEPATTERN0193형식:주어+동사+목적어(that/if/whether절)
SENTENCEPATTERN0203형식:주어+동사+목적어(의문사절)
SENTENCEPATTERN0213형식:주어+동사+관계대명사what+주어+동사
주어+동사+관계대명사what+동사
SENTENCEPATTERN0224형식:주어+동사+간접목적어+직접목적어
SENTENCEPATTERN0234형식이3형식화된문장:주어+동사+직접목적어+to+간접목적어
SENTENCEPATTERN0244형식이3형식화된문장:주어+동사+직접목적어+for/of+간접목적어
SENTENCEPATTERN0255형식:주어+동사+목적어+목적격보어(명사/형용사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0265형식:주어+지각동사+목적어+목적격보어(동사원형/-ing/-ed)
SENTENCEPATTERN0275형식:주어+사역동사+목적어+목적격보어(동사원형/-ed)
SENTENCEPATTERN0285형식:주어+동사+목적어+목적격보어(to부정사)
SENTENCEPATTERN0295형식:주어+동사+it(가짜목적어)+목적격보어+진짜목적어(to부정사/that절)
CHAPTER2문장의여러종류
SENTENCEPATTERN030부정문(1):be동사부정문
SENTENCEPATTERN031부정문(2):일반동사부정문
SENTENCEPATTERN032부정문(3):조동사부정문
SENTENCEPATTERN033의문문(1):be동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN034의문문(2):의문사+be동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN035의문문(3):일반동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN036의문문(4):의문사+일반동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN037의문문(5):현재완료의문문？
SENTENCEPATTERN038의문문(6):현재완료의문문？
SENTENCEPATTERN039의문문(7):조동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN040의문문(8):의문사+조동사의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN041감탄문(1):What으로시작하는감탄문
SENTENCEPATTERN042감탄문(2):How로시작하는감탄문
PART2안보이던문장이눈에들어오다
CHAPTER1다양한모습의주어
SENTENCEPATTERN043다양한주어(1):명사+수식어
SENTENCEPATTERN044다양한주어(2):동명사,to부정사
SENTENCEPATTERN045다양한주어(3):가주어it,진주어to부정사
SENTENCEPATTERN046다양한주어(4):whether절,that절
SENTENCEPATTERN047다양한주어(5):가주어it,진주어that절/whether절
SENTENCEPATTERN048다양한주어(6):의문사구,의문사절
SENTENCEPATTERN049다양한주어(7):관계대명사what절
CHAPTER2다양한형태의수식어구
SENTENCEPATTERN050명사를꾸미는전치사구
SENTENCEPATTERN051명사를꾸미는현재분사구,과거분사구
SENTENCEPATTERN052명사를꾸미는to부정사(구)
SENTENCEPATTERN053명사를꾸미는관계사절
SENTENCEPATTERN054관계대명사who가이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN055관계대명사which가이끄는절이명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN056관계대명사that이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN057관계대명사who(m)이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN058관계대명사which가이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN059관계대명사that이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN060관계대명사절의관계대명사가생략된경우？
SENTENCEPATTERN061관계대명사who가이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN062관계대명사which/that이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN063관계대명사who(m)/that이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN064관계대명사which가이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN065관계대명사절의관계대명사가생략된경우？
SENTENCEPATTERN066thosewho+동사
SENTENCEPATTERN067전치사+관계대명사whom
SENTENCEPATTERN068전치사+관계대명사which
SENTENCEPATTERN069관계부사where가이끄는절이앞의명사를수식？
SENTENCEPATTERN070관계부사where가이끄는절？
SENTENCEPATTERN071관계부사when이이끄는절이앞의명사를수식
SENTENCEPATTERN072관계부사how가이끄는절
SENTENCEPATTERN073관계부사why가이끄는절
SENTENCEPATTERN074부사로쓰이는전치사구
SENTENCEPATTERN075빈도부사
CHAPTER3미묘한뉘앙스의이유,시제
SENTENCEPATTERN076시제(1):현재
SENTENCEPATTERN077시제(2):현재진행
SENTENCEPATTERN078시제(3):과거
SENTENCEPATTERN079시제(4):과거진행
SENTENCEPATTERN080시제(5):미래will
SENTENCEPATTERN081시제(6):미래begoingto
SENTENCEPATTERN082시제(7):현재완료？경험
SENTENCEPATTERN083시제(8):현재완료？계속
SENTENCEPATTERN084시제(9):현재완료？완료
SENTENCEPATTERN085시제(10):현재완료진행
SENTENCEPATTERN086시제(11):과거완료
SENTENCEPATTERN087시제(12):시간과조건의부사절에서의미상미래이나현재를쓰는경우
CHAPTER4뉘앙스의절친,조동사
SENTENCEPATTERN088조동사(1):can,could
SENTENCEPATTERN089조동사(2):will
SENTENCEPATTERN090조동사(3):would
SENTENCEPATTERN091조동사(4):may
SENTENCEPATTERN092조동사(5):should
SENTENCEPATTERN093조동사(6):must,haveto
SENTENCEPATTERN094조동사(7):must
CHAPTER5행위의초점이바뀌는수동태
SENTENCEPATTERN095수동태(1):수동태+by+행위자
SENTENCEPATTERN096수동태(2):행위자없는수동태
SENTENCEPATTERN097수동태(3):조동사+수동태
SENTENCEPATTERN098수동태(4):수동태의문문
SENTENCEPATTERN099수동태(5):주로수동태를쓰는경우
PART3리딩에속도가붙다
CHAPTER1to부정사,분사구문
SENTENCEPATTERN100to부정사(1):부사로쓰이는to부정사？
SENTENCEPATTERN101to부정사(2):부사로쓰이는to부정사？
SENTENCEPATTERN102분사구문(1):~하면서(동시동작)
SENTENCEPATTERN103분사구문(2):~할때,~하는동안(때)
SENTENCEPATTERN104분사구문(3):~해서/~하기때문에(이유)
SENTENCEPATTERN105분사구문(4):~하면(조건)
SENTENCEPATTERN106분사구문(5):주어나접속사가있는분사구문
CHAPTER2가정법
SENTENCEPATTERN107가정법(1):가정법과거？
-현재사실의반대를가정(if절의동사가be동사)
SENTENCEPATTERN108가정법(2):가정법과거？
-현재사실의반대를가정(if절의동사가일반동사)
SENTENCEPATTERN109가정법(3):가정법과거완료
-과거사실의반대를가정
SENTENCEPATTERN110가정법(4):현재나미래의일을단순히가정
SENTENCEPATTERN111가정법(5):혼합가정법
SENTENCEPATTERN112가정법(6):Iwish가정법
SENTENCEPATTERN113가정법(7):asif가정법
SENTENCEPATTERN114가정법(8):if의대용어
CHAPTER3문장연결하기
SENTENCEPATTERN115접속사로문장잇기A(1):and
SENTENCEPATTERN116접속사로문장잇기A(2):but
SENTENCEPATTERN117접속사로문장잇기A(3):so,for,yet
SENTENCEPATTERN118접속사로문장잇기B(1):when
SENTENCEPATTERN119접속사로문장잇기B(2):before,after
SENTENCEPATTERN120접속사로문장잇기B(3):while
SENTENCEPATTERN121접속사로문장잇기B(4):because
SENTENCEPATTERN122접속사로문장잇기B(5):since
SENTENCEPATTERN123접속사로문장잇기B(6):as
SENTENCEPATTERN124접속사로문장잇기B(7):if
SENTENCEPATTERN125접속사로문장잇기B(8):though/although/eventhough
SENTENCEPATTERN126nomatterwhat
SENTENCEPATTERN127nomatterhow
SENTENCEPATTERN128nomatterwho
SENTENCEPATTERN129nomatterwhere
SENTENCEPATTERN130nomatterwhen
SENTENCEPATTERN131however
SENTENCEPATTERN132whatever
SENTENCEPATTERN133whoever
SENTENCEPATTERN134whenever
SENTENCEPATTERN135wherever
PART4리딩이쉬워지다
CHAPTER1영어가한눈에들어오는관용표현
SENTENCEPATTERN136·주어+belikely+to부정사:~일것같다,~일가능성이있다
·Itislikely(that)+주어+동사:~일것같다,~일가능성이있다
SENTENCEPATTERN137·주어+seem/appear+to부정사:~인것같다,~인듯하다
·Itseems/appearsthat+주어+동사:~인것같다,~인듯하다
SENTENCEPATTERN138·주어+feellike+명사/주어+feellike+주어+동사
:~하는기분[느낌]이들다
·Itfeelslike+명사/Itfeelslike+주어+동사
:~하는기분[느낌]이들다,~한[인]것같다
SENTENCEPATTERN139·주어+turnout+to부정사:주어가~라고밝혀지다/판명되다
·Itturnsout(that)+주어+동사:~라고밝혀지다/판명되다SENTENCEPATTERN140Itisnowonder(that)+주어+동사
:~하는것은놀랄일이아니다,당연하다
SENTENCEPATTERN141That’swhy+주어+동사:그래서~다,그것이~한이유다
SENTENCEPATTERN142That’sbecause+주어+동사:그건~하기때문이다,그건~해서다
SENTENCEPATTERN143·besupposedto+동사원형:~하기로되어있다,~해야한다
·beaboutto+동사원형:막~하려하다
SENTENCEPATTERN144·형용사+enoughto+동사원형
:충분히~해서…할수있다,…할만큼~하다
·havenochoicebutto+동사원형
:~할수밖에없다,~외에다른수가없다
SENTENCEPATTERN145·get[come]to+동사원형:~하게되다
·haveonlyto+동사원형:~하기만하면된다
·knowbetterthanto+동사원형:~할정도로어리석지는않다
SENTENCEPATTERN146·havesomethingtodowith~:~와관계가있다
·havemuch[alot]/little/nothingtodowith~
:~와관계가많다/거의없다/전혀없다
SENTENCEPATTERN147usedto+동사원형:과거에~하곤했다/~였다/~했다
SENTENCEPATTERN148·cannot(help)but+동사원형:~하지않을수없다
·maywell+동사원형:~하는것도당연하다,~할만하다
SENTENCEPATTERN149·donothingbut+동사원형:~만하다
·doanythingbut+동사원형:~빼고다하다
SENTENCEPATTERN150hadbetter+동사원형:~하는게좋다,~해야하다
SENTENCEPATTERN151wouldratherA(동사원형)thanB(동사원형)
:B하느니차라리A하겠다
SENTENCEPATTERN152·beworth+동사-ing:~할가치가있다
·bebusy+동사-ing:~하느라바쁘다
SENTENCEPATTERN153beusedto+동사-ing/명사:~하는데/~에익숙하다
SENTENCEPATTERN154·cannothelp+동사-ing:~하지않을수없다,~할수밖에없다
·comenear(to)+동사-ing:거의~할뻔하다
SENTENCEPATTERN155·feellike+동사-ing:~하고싶다,~하고싶은기분이들다
·endup+동사-ing:결국~하게되다
SENTENCEPATTERN156·go+동사-ing:~하러가다
·havedifficulty[trouble]+동사？ing
:~하는데어려움이있다,~하기가어렵다
SENTENCEPATTERN157·Itgoeswithoutsayingthat+주어+동사:~은말할필요도없다
·Thereisno+동사-ing:~하는것은불가능하다,~할수는없다
SENTENCEPATTERN158Itisnouse[good]+동사-ing:~해도소용없다215
SENTENCEPATTERN159·keep[prevent]Afrom+동사-ing
:A가~하는것을막다,(주어때문에)A가~을못하다
·lookforwardto+동사-ing:~할것을고대하다[무척기다리다]
SENTENCEPATTERN160On/Upon+동사-ing/명사:~하자마자217
SENTENCEPATTERN161Whatif+주어+동사~?:만일~라면[하면]어떡하지?/어떨까?SENTENCEPATTERN162·ifever:~한다하더라도(거의하지않는다)
·ifany:있다하더라도(거의없다)219
SENTENCEPATTERN163·aslongas+주어+동사~:~하는한
·asfaras+주어+동사~:~하는한,~하기로는
SENTENCEPATTERN164·the비교급(+주어+동사~),the비교급(+주어+동사~)
:~하면할수록더~하다
·비교급+and+비교급/moreandmore+형용사/부사
:점점더~한,점점더~하게
SENTENCEPATTERN165·as+형용사/부사원급+aspossible:가능한한~한/가능한한~하게
·as+형용사/부사원급+asany+명사:어느~못지않게~한
·as+형용사/부사원급+aseverlived
:이제껏없었을만큼,역사상가장~한
SENTENCEPATTERN166·as+형용사원급+ascanbe:더할나위없이~한,매우~한
·notsomuchas+동사원형:~조차않다
·notsomuchA(형용사/명사/동사)asB(형용사/명사/동사)
:A라기보다는B이다
SENTENCEPATTERN167·twice/~timesas+원급+as…
·twice/~times+비교급+than…:…보다두배/~배~한/하게SENTENCEPATTERN168·nolessthan+명사:~(만큼)이나,무려~(=asmanyas,asmuchas)
·Aisnoless+형용사원급+thanB:A도B못지않게~하다
·notlessthan+명사:적어도~(=atleast)225
SENTENCEPATTERN169·nomorethan+명사:겨우~만(=only)
·A+동사+nomoreBthan+C+동사+D
:C가D가아닌것처럼A는B가아니다
·notmorethan+명사:기껏해야,많아야(=atmost)
CHAPTER2특수구문
SENTENCEPATTERN170다양한부정표현(1):부분부정
SENTENCEPATTERN171다양한부정표현(2):not~until/till…
SENTENCEPATTERN172다양한부정표현(3)
:notbecause~butbecause…=notthat~butthat…
SENTENCEPATTERN173다양한부정표현(4):notAbutB
SENTENCEPATTERN174다양한부정표현(5):too형용사/부사~to부정사
SENTENCEPATTERN175도치(1):부정어가문장앞에올때
SENTENCEPATTERN176도치(2):Only+부사/부사구/부사절이문장앞에올때
SENTENCEPATTERN177도치(3):가정법문장의if절에서if생략
SENTENCEPATTERN178강조(1):Itis~that강조구문
SENTENCEPATTERN179강조(2):동사강조
SENTENCEPATTERN180강조(3):명사강조
SENTENCEPATTERN181강조(4):재귀대명사의강조용법
SENTENCEPATTERN182강조(5):형용사나부사의비교급강조
SENTENCEPATTERN183동격(1):명사명사/명사,명사
SENTENCEPATTERN184동격(2):동격의that
SENTENCEPATTERN185동격(3):명사+to부정사/명사+of+명사/동명사
SENTENCEPATTERN186삽입(1):‘주어+동사’가삽입된경우
SENTENCEPATTERN187삽입(2):부사절이나관계사절삽입
SENTENCEPATTERN188삽입(3):관용어구삽입
SENTENCEPATTERN189생략(1):접속사that생략
SENTENCEPATTERN190생략(2):소유격다음의명사생략
SENTENCEPATTERN191생략(3):비교구문에서의생략/반복을피하기위한동사생략SENTENCEPATTERN192무생물이주어인문장
SENTENCEPATTERN193복잡한문장해석연습(1)
SENTENCEPATTERN194복잡한문장해석연습(2)
SENTENCEPATTERN195복잡한문장해석연습(3)
부록
지문읽기1《행복한왕자》중에서
지문읽기2《두도시이야기》중에서
지문읽기3《오만과편견》중에서
지문읽기4《위대한개츠비》중에서
단어를아는데도해석이힘들다면문장패턴을제대로해야할시간!
영어문장이해의두축,어휘와문장패턴
어휘를많이알면문장이해에절대적으로유리한건사실이다.하지만,기본적인문장패턴지식이뒷받침되지않는어휘는바퀴없는자동차일뿐이다.예를들어,학습자가thegorilla(고릴라),loves(사랑하다),hermother(그녀의엄마),Jane(제인),hasraised(길렀다),that(관계대명사)의개별뜻은알지만다음두문장의의미차이를모른다면독해가됐다고할수없다.
HermotherlovesthegorillathatJanehasraised.
(그녀의엄마는제인이기른그고릴라를사랑한다.)
HermotherhasraisedthegorillathatlovesJane.
(그녀의엄마는제인을사랑하는그고릴라를길러왔다.)
똑같은단어가쓰였지만그걸어떻게배열하느냐에따라의미가완전히달라졌다.주어가그녀의엄마(hermother)인것은변함없지만,엄마가gorilla를향해행한행동이다르고,that뒤에오는문장패턴이바뀌면서thegorilla를수식하는내용도다르기때문이다.이것만봐도어휘만안다고문장독해가해결되지않는다.어휘실력과더불어문장요소가놓이는위치를밝혀주는문장패턴을알아야한다.
문장구성요소중심으로짠필수문장패턴195개와2300여개훈련문장
우리나라학습자들은학창시절에문법책에서무수히많은내용을배운다.하지만문법책의주내용은품사활용에관한것이고,문장을이루는요소별로패턴을집중적으로모아배운적이없다.그래서문법을공부했음에도문장이조금만길어지면주어가무엇이고,동사가무엇이고,어디까지가꾸며주는말인지를제대로파악하기가쉽지않다.
이점에착안해≪영어문장의결정적패턴들≫에서는문법책에서산발적으로나왔던문장패턴관련부분중영어문장에서가장빈번히쓰이는195개를골라리딩에서바로활용가능한내용으로재분류했다.문장에서주어,동사,목적어,보어를가려내는것부터시작해,한국어와다른어순때문에생기는수식어구와피수식어구의결합패턴을특히더상세히다뤘다.뉘앙스발생의주요인인시제와조동사도빠뜨리지않았고,학습자들의골칫거리,소위준동사라불리는to부정사와분사구문도한자리를차지한다.특수구문이나관용어구처럼독해에서학습자들을혼란스럽게만드는것도커버해이패턴들이쓰인2300여개문장을읽어내면웬만한문장은바로파악이되게한다.