역사 속의 도시 1

루이스멈퍼드

저자루이스멈퍼드(LewisMumford,1895~1990)는미국의철학자,문명비평가,도시연구가로서유명하다.미국롱아일랜드에서태어나뉴욕시립대학및컬럼비아대학에서교육받았다.본래생물학을전공했지만패트릭게디스의저서를읽고영향을받아도시계획및지역계획에관한체계적연구를시작했다.세계각지의도시를직접답사한그의도시에대한사회학적,생태학적접근은그의저작의가장두드러진특징이다.
현대의도시계획및도시연구에그가기여한결정적공헌은≪도시발달:와해와갱신≫(1945),≪초기로부터≫(1956),≪고속도로와도시≫(1962),≪도시의전망≫(1968)에주로실려있지만,도시에관한그의중심적작업은≪도시의문화≫(1938)와≪역사속의도시≫(1961)에들어있다.

제1장성소와촌락과성채
1.역사속의도시 ·················3
2.동물의암시와전조 ···············5
3.묘지와사당 ··················8
4.경작과촌락 ··················16
5.도기,치수및측량 ···············26
6.촌락의공헌 ··················30
7.사냥꾼의새로운역할 ··············37
8.구석기문화와신석기문화의통합 ········45

제2장도시의형성
1.최초의도시변형 ················52
2.최초의도시내파 ················64
3.불안,희생및공격 ···············71
4.법률과도시질서 ················86
5.‘보호’로부터파괴로 ···············93

제3장고대도시의형태와유형
1.평원의도시들 ················103
2.도시폐허의수수께끼 ·············114
3.도시성과기념비성 ··············121
4.강,도로및시장 ···············133
5.기술혁신과결핍증 ··············138
6.당시의도시에대한일별 ············144
7.이집트의개방도시 ··············150
8.의식중심에서통제본부로 ···········160
9.원형인가?배아인가? ··············171

제4장고대도시의본질
1.도시기능의발달 ···············212
2.창조성의독점 ················221
3.문화적삼출 ·················225
4.도시노동의분화 ···············228
5.소유권과인격 ················237
6.발전의율동 ·················245
7.도시의연극 ·················251

제5장도시국가의출현
1.미노스의성채 ················260
2.촌락의목소리 ················273
3.올림피아,델피및코스 ············288
4.오래된신전과새로운신 ············309
5.시청과시장 ·················317

제6장시민대이상도시
1.도시와시민 ·················335
2.그리스도시의형태 ··············339
3.육화된도시국가 ···············349
4.이상향으로의회귀 ··············360
5.그리스변증법의도전 ·············371

제7장그리스의절대주의와도시성
1.아리스토텔레스의전환 ············384
2.유연한무질서에서통제된세련으로 ·······398
3.도시의표면아래 ···············420

제8장거대도시에서죽음의도시로
1.로마가이어받은외국의유산 ··········456
2.하수도와상수도 ···············472
3.광장,원형광장및목욕탕 ···········488
4.오후의죽음 ·················499
5.4세기의도시특성 ···············515
6.도시성장의한계 ···············521

제9장수도원과공동사회
1.천국의도시 ·················529
2.방어의필요성 ················538
3.인구와부의증가 ···············548
4.헌장도시,개척지요새 ·············563
5.교회의지배 ·················571
6.상공인조합의역할 ··············578
7.순례,행진및야외극 ·············593

도시란무엇인가?도시는어떻게존재하게되었는가?어떤과정을거쳐성장하고,어떤기능을발휘하며,어떤목적을달성하는가?도시의모든형태에통용될정의는있을수없다.발생초기의사회핵으로출발하여성숙기의복잡한형태를거쳐노령기의물리적와해에이르기까지도시의모든변천과정을설명해줄일의적인서술도있을수없다.도시의기원은불명확하며유적의대부분은파묻혔거나복구할길없이파괴되어버렸다.도시는지난5천년동안많은변화를겪었고더많은변화가닥쳐올것이틀림없다.하지만도시의장래전망은가늠하기어렵다.이책은인류사회에서도시가생성되고발전해온역사를깊이분석한책이다.
도시의생성과발달에관한역사적사실의다양하고깊이있는서술은이분야의전문가뿐만아니라일반독자에게도흥미를돋우고감명을주기에충분하다.