왕유 시선

왕유

저자왕유(701∼761)는자(字)는마힐(摩詰)이고,당나라하동[河東:지금의산시성(山西省)]의하급관료집안출신으로,어려서부터총명하고다재다능했다.집안의맏아들이었던왕유는불행하게도어린나이에이미아버지를여의고,홀어머니밑에서여러동생들과함께가난하게자랐다.특히독실한불교도였던어머니의영향으로일찍부터접하게된불교사상은,그의삶과문예전반에상당한영향을끼쳤다.왕유는대략열다섯살때동생왕진(王縉)과함께고향을떠나장안(長安)과낙양(洛陽)양경(兩京)을오가며사회진출을꾀하기시작했는데,출중한문예재능에힘입어귀족사회의호감과총애를한몸에받았다.개원(開元)9년(721)21세에진사가되어궁중의음악을관장하는태악승(太樂丞)에올랐으나,같은해한사건에연루되어제주사창참군(濟州司倉參軍)으로좌천되고말았다.왕유는제주에서의임기를마친얼마후,다시기수(淇水)일대에서벼슬하다가오래지않아사직하고현지에서은거했으며,개원17년쯤장안으로돌아와한거(閑居)하던중31세경에부인과사별하고평생을홀로살았다.개원22년에는낙양부근숭산(嵩山)에서은거했고,이듬해봄마침내현상(賢相)장구령(張九齡)의천거로우습유(右拾遺)에등용되면서,좌천의실의(失意)와상처(喪妻)의고통에서벗어나새롭게정치적열정을불태우게되었다.하지만그것도잠시,개원24년겨울장구령이시기와모함속에파직당하고,간상(奸相)이임보(李林甫)가그자리에오르고말았다.정치적으로나개인적으로든든한버팀목이었던장구령의실각은,왕유에게서일말의정치적열정과이상마저빼앗아가버렸다.뜻하지않은소용돌이의충격으로의기소침해진왕유는,이듬해양주(?州)로출사(出使)해하서절도사(河西節度使)의막부(幕府)에서판관(判官)을겸임하게되는데,변방의풍광과호정(豪情)앞에서일시적으로나마실의의고통을잊을수있었다.개원26년장안으로돌아와동(同)28년에는전중시어사(殿中侍御史)에올랐고,같은해겨울에는영남(嶺南)으로출사해남방의지방관선발시험을주재했다.이듬해장안으로돌아온왕유는종남산(終南山)에은거하다가다시그이듬해,즉천보(天寶)원년(742)에는좌보궐(左補闕)에올랐다.이후안사의난이일어날때까지줄곧장안에서벼슬살이를했지만,이임보와양국충(楊國忠)이온갖전횡을일삼는정치암흑상황에서‘역관역은’의삶을살며종남산망천(輞川)계곡에별장을마련해놓고,틈나는대로직접그곳을찾아산수의정취에젖으며한가로이지내곤했다.천보15년,안사의난이일어난이듬해,왕유는촉(蜀)으로피난하는현종(玄宗)을따라가지못하고,반군에게잡혀보리사(菩提寺)에갇히는등우여곡절끝에어쩔수없이그들의벼슬을떠맡게되는데,이실절(失節)로그는죽는날까지줄곧치욕과참회의고통에시달려야만했다.지덕(至德)2년(757)조정에서양경(兩京)을탈환한후,반군에게억류당해그들의벼슬을했던사람을벌할때,왕유는숙종(肅宗)이그의내심의충정을인정해특사를내림으로써화를면했다.이후그의여생은오직자책과보은의나날이었으며,상서우승(尙書右丞)벼슬자리에서세상을떠나니,후세에그를‘왕우승(王右丞)’이라부르게되었다.

편년시(編年詩)
진시황릉을찾아서·················3
9월9일고향의형제들을그리며···········5
도원행······················7
식부인·····················12
하북성성루(城樓)에올라서············14
정주에서묵으며·················16
이별······················19
기수(淇水)가의전원풍경·············22
서늘맞이····················24
숭산으로돌아가며················27
변각사에올라서·················29
종남산별장···················31
종남산·····················33
백원와·····················35
반첩여·····················37
노상(盧象)과함께최흥종(崔興宗)의숲속정각(亭閣)을찾아서·····················39
콩새······················41
서시(西施)····················42
늦은봄날규중(閨中)의상념(想念)·········45
산속으로돌아가는친구를송별하며·········47
안서로출사(出使)하는원이를송별하며·······50
그리움·····················52
≪망천집≫···················54
머리말을덧붙임···············54
맹성요···················56
문행관···················58
녹채····················59
목란채···················60
궁괴맥···················61
유랑····················62
난가뢰···················64
백석탄···················65
죽리관···················66
신이오···················67
망천에서한거(閑居)하며배적에게·········68
여흔과배적의방문을받고·············70
배적의작은누대에올라서·············72
화감사(化感寺)담흥상인의산원(山院)을찾아서···74
장마진망천장에서················76
재미스레망천별장에적다·············78
산장의가을저녁녘················80
전원의즐거움··················82
남전산석문정사·················85
산중에서····················88
망천별장을떠나며················89
초가을산중에서·················91
장소부에게···················93
가을밤에홀로앉아················95
보리사에갇혀있으며배적에게··········97
흰눈내린겨울밤호거사의집을생각하며·····99

미편년시(未編年詩)
위수(渭水)가의농가(農家)············103
송별······················105
날씨갠후넓은들판을바라보며·········107
불볕더위에허덕이며···············109
근위병의아내··················112
향적사를찾아서·················114
봄날의산사(山寺)················116
우공곡(愚公谷)·················118
농가(農家)···················120
황보악의운계(雲谿)···············122
새우는산골개울··············122
연꽃만발한뱃도랑·············124
가마우지나는제방·············126
부평초가득한못··············127
홍모란·····················128
잡시······················130
눈앞의경물(景物)················131


해설······················133
지은이에대해··················137
옮긴이에대해··················140

책소개
이백을시의신선이라하고두보를시의성인이라할때시의부처로불리는것이왕유다.몸은관직에있으나마음은자연에두었다.시로그림을그리고그림이다시시를썼다.자연의이치가인간의길이되었으니부처가아닐수없다.

출판사책소개
당시(唐詩)는중국고전문학최고의정화로,후세사람들에게불후의고전적자양을제공하고있다.시불(詩佛)왕유(王維)는시선(詩仙)이백(李白)·시성(詩聖)두보(杜甫)와함께당시의3대거장으로꼽히면서도,이(李)·두(杜)와는상이한시풍으로그특유의매력을발한다.
초년의왕유는적극진취적인유가사상의소유자였으나정치적인실의에빠지기시작한중년이후에는불가와도가적인경향을아울러보이다가점차오직불교에만극도로심취했는데,이같은인생사상이그의창작정신의원천임은두말할나위가없다.
이백과두보가각각낭만시와사회시창작에뛰어난재능을발휘했다면,왕유가당나라시단에서그들과어깨를나란히하며독보적인면모를보인것은바로자연시의창작으로,그는동진(東晋)의도연명(陶淵明)이후최고의자연시인으로평가된다.송(宋)나라의대문호소동파(蘇東坡)는‘시중유화(詩中有?)’·‘화중유시(?中有詩)’,즉‘시속에그림이있고’‘그림속에시가있다’는말로,산수수묵화의대가이기도했던왕유시(詩)·화(?)의예술적경지를압축평가함으로써후세의절대적인공감을불러일으켰다.
왕유의자연시는역관역은(亦官亦隱:몸은벼슬하고있으나마음은늘피세은둔의정취를동경추구하며,또한때로기회가되면한시적으로나마실제로산수전원에은거하는삶)의시기에집중적으로지어졌으며,대부분이은거생활과불도(佛道)사상이결합된산물로,시인의피세은둔의초탈정신이짙게투영되어있다.세속적인욕망은일찌감치떨쳐버리고오직한가롭고편안하기그지없는시인의성정(性情)이시작속에서여실히표현되고있는데,가장큰특징은전원경물이나산수풍광의묘사가운데서절로풍겨나는은둔적정취다.이를테면≪망천집(輞川集)≫중의＜죽리관(竹籬館)＞은그윽한대숲속의탈속적인정취를묘사하고있으니,세상과동떨어져고적(孤寂)함이감도는깊은대숲에서거문고도타고휘파람도불며,살며시다가와비춰주는밝은달빛과‘지음(知音)’의벗인양하나되어탈속적인정취를즐기는시인은,이미‘해탈’의경지에든듯하다.＜산장의가을저녁녘(山居秋暝)＞은저녁녘에한차례비가온뒤그윽하고고아한산중의경물을묘사했는데,시정(詩情)과화의(?意)가넘치는가운데시인의고결한품성과초탈적정서가새롭다.＜날씨갠후넓은들판을바라보며(新晴野望)＞역시비가막갠후아득한들판에펼쳐진초여름의전원경색(景色)과농경생활을묘사했는데,전편에걸쳐강조되고있는소박하고평화로우면서도활력넘치는전원의생활과정취는,세속적인번뇌에서벗어난자적(自適)한삶을추구하는시인의정서가그대로배어있다.