인도 불탑

인도 불탑

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Vendor: 담앤북스 - 송봉주
Type: 불교일반
SKU: 9791162013472
Categories: ALL BOOKS 종교 종교_불교
Tags: 인도불탑 종교_불교
Description
불교가 뿌리내린 기원의 땅 인도,
현지답사를 통해 생생하게 기록한 인도 불탑의 모든 것
‘탑’은 붓다를 가리키는 상징적 조형물이자 붓다에 대한 존경심과 깊은 신앙으로 쌓아 올린 하나의 ‘문화’이다. 특히나 불교 신자에게는 신앙생활에서 빼놓을 수 없는 중추적인 존재이다. 불교 미술을 전공하며 탑에 대해 개인적으로 관심을 가지던 저자는 본격적으로 이를 연구하게 되면서 자신이 참조했던 자료들에서 많은 부분에 오류가 있음을 발견하고 인도, 파키스탄, 중국을 직접 답사하러 머나먼 여정을 떠난다. 그리고 불교가 시작된 근원지이자 석존의 성지인 인도 유적을 탐사하며 석가모니 부처님의 유골을 봉안한 분묘이자 기념비인 ‘스투파Stupa’라는 새로운 존재를 알게 된다. 스투파는 우리에겐 ‘탑塔’, ‘탑파塔婆’ 등으로 알려져 있다. 저자는 인도 곳곳을 답사하며 스투파의 형태와 기원, 구성 요소 등을 눈으로 담고 사진과 글로 기록하며 직접 인도 불탑의 역사를 다시 정리해 나간다. 『인도 불탑』은 저자가 직접 눈으로 확인하고 기록하며 치열하게 연구한 엄청난 자료들을 추려 500페이지라는 거대한 연구 보고서로 정리한 책이다.
저자

송봉주

동국대학교대학원미술학과(불교미술전공)에서석사및박사학위를받았다.그후동방문화대학원대학교강사를역임했으며,현재우리나라에산재한불탑에관한저서를집필하고있다.대표적인논문으로는「인도불교석굴과불탑연구」,「간다라불탑의특징과변천에관한고찰」,「터키데린쿠유석굴교회와인도차이티야굴과의연관성고찰」,「안동법흥사지칠층전탑에대한고찰」등이있다.

목차

추천사··················································································5
책을펴내며···········································································9
머리말·················································································17

1장고대인도印度와불탑
1.고대인도와불교·····························································30
1)베다시대···································································33
2)불교경전시대·····························································37
2.석존의열반과불탑···························································39
1)석존의장례·································································41
2)사리8분과10탑건립전설··············································45
3)근본8탑의소재및전설검증··········································50
4)불탑이전의불탑··························································60

2장건축물로서의불탑
1.스투파용어····································································68
2.스투파기원····································································72
3.스투파구성요소·····························································76
1)기단Medhi,난간Vedika·····················································80
2)탑돌이통로(Pradakshinapatha,繞道)·······························81
3)탑문Torana···································································82
4)복발(Anda,覆鉢)·························································83
5)하르미카(Harmika,平頭),탑두부塔頭部······························86
6)상부구조명칭······························································93
4.스투파유형····································································96
1)유적Relic스투파···························································97
2)기념Commemorative스투파···············································97
3)상징Symbolic스투파·······················································98
4)개체Object스투파··························································98
5)봉헌Votive스투파··························································99
5.불탑축조방식·······························································100
6.불탑의공양(Puja,供養)과기능··········································106
7.불교미술과불탑····························································112
1)불교조각상의조성과의의············································114
2)열반미술의탄생························································116
3)호탑신····································································118
4)여성상과미투나상······················································120
8.불탑조성과의미····························································124
1)불탑조성의상징적의미···············································124
2)불탑조성의실용적의미···············································128

3장인도불교석굴사원
1.석굴사원의기원과전개···················································134
2.석굴사원의조영····························································139
1)불교석굴··································································144
2)힌두교석굴·······························································155
3)자이나교석굴·····························································165
3.불교석굴의명문銘文·······················································168
4.법신사리신앙의태동······················································174
5.불교차이티야굴의유형···················································184
1)원형차이티야굴형식··················································189
2)말발굽형차이티야굴형식·············································198
3)방형차이티야굴형식··················································242
4)승방부설차이티야굴형식···········································255
5)탑당부설차이티야굴형식············································259
6)환조건물형식(탑사,塔寺)···········································271
6.불교차이티야굴의변천···················································281
1)‘말발굽형’석굴의변천·················································283
2)‘방형’석굴의변천·······················································289
3)차이티야굴의변천의의···············································298
7.불교석굴사원의편년······················································302

4장차이티야굴의불탑
1.차이티야굴불탑의형식···················································322
1)기본형······································································322
2)층단받침형································································324
3)일산日傘형·································································326
4)기단추가형································································329
5)불상ㆍ불감佛龕추가형····················································331
6)환조건물형및노천형··················································334
2.차이티야굴불탑의양식변천············································339
1)복발(Anda,覆鉢)························································340
2)난간·········································································343
3)탑두부(하르미카와층단받침,산간,일산)·························349

5장인도의불탑
1.중인도불탑·····················································

출판사 서평

깊은불심의상징이자압축물인도불탑,그유구하고찬란한문화

불교역사의기원인‘인도’는불교가시작된근원지이자성지이다.기원전5세기경붓다에의해탄생한불교는지금까지이어져왔고그로인해다양한모습의불교문화가형성되었다.
우리나라역사에서도‘불교’를빼놓고이야기할수는없을것이다.그만큼우리는불교와밀접한관련을맺어왔고깊게영향을받았다.
국가,인종에관계없이사람들은다양한방법으로불심을표현했다.그중불심의상징이자압축물이라고할수있는대표적인건축물은바로‘탑’이다.탑은단순한건축물이아니다.붓다를가리키는상징적조형물이자붓다에대한존경심과깊은신앙으로쌓아올린하나의‘문화’이다.특히나불교신자에게는신앙생활에서빼놓을수없는중추적인존재이기도하다.
인도불탑에대한저자의개인적호기심이구체적으로발전했던계기는“인도탑의독특한형태와엄청난수의부조상등이무엇을의미하고있는지,단순히불교라는범위내로한정하지않고인도인들에게있어서어떠한의미를지니고무엇을의미하는지”에대한궁금증이었다.이러한궁금증을체계적으로정리하고기록하기위해저자는인도,파키스탄,중국을직접답사하며본격적으로불탑에관한연구를시작한다.

불교가뿌리내린기원의땅인도,
현지답사를통해생생하게기록한인도불탑의모든것

저자는인도유적을탐사하며석가모니부처님의유골을봉안한분묘이자기념비인‘스투파Stupa’라는새로운존재를알게된다.스투파는우리에겐‘탑塔’,‘탑파塔婆’등으로알려져있다.저자는인도곳곳을답사하며스투파의기원과형태,구성요소등을눈으로담고사진과글로기록하며직접인도불탑의역사를다시정리해나간다.
이렇듯『인도불탑』은인도역사속에서살아숨쉬는‘불탑문화’를생생하고일목요연하게정리한책이다.저자는인도현지를탐사하며현존하는자료들중에서인도불탑에관한많은부분이상당수왜곡되었거나오류가있음을발견했다.그렇게직접사진을찍고,기존자료들의‘근원’을찾아가면서치열하게연구하는나날들이계속되었다.모든불탑을조사할수는없었으나,불탑의유구가운데답사가가능하거나자료취득을할수있는유구를중심으로탐사해나갔다.
저자는머리말을통해“이책은인도불교의일반사원과석굴사원의불탑,불탑을봉안한차이티야굴caityacaves의조영이유와형식분석을통해초기불탑의조성과정및의의,편년을고찰하고불탑의변화과정을알아보는데목적이있다.”고밝히고있다.
저자가책전반부에가장먼저정리한것은고대인도의스투파조성에관한자료이다.스투파의용어와기원,구성요소,석존의열반과장례,그리고다양한불탑의유형과불탑이가지는상징성,조성의미에대해서술했다.또한석굴사원인’차이티야굴‘의불탑에대한기록을담았다.불탑의형식이나특징,변화등을고찰하며저자의관점으로새롭게해석하였다.
뿐만아니라우즈베키스탄,타지기스탄,신장웨이우얼등에남아있는불탑의비교고찰을통해인도불탑의변화과정을상세히설명해두었다.특히저자가현지답사와논문작성과정에서얻은인도전역의불탑현황과각각의다양한특징을정리함으로써시기,지역별불탑의특징을파악할수있도록했다.
저자는“18세기이후많은학자에의해인도불탑의연구가이뤄졌지만,일부불탑에치중된부분적측면이있다.이를해소하기위해이책에서는그동안취급하지않았거나,소홀했던개별적불탑에대해현시점에서많이다룸으로써오류를최대한해소코자하였다.”라고말한다.이미연구가이루어진불탑에대한재조사,그리고그간제대로다뤄지지않았거나누락되었던불탑에대한자료를추가함으로써이책이불탑연구에대한또다른새로운기준점으로기능할수있음을시사하고있는부분이다.

과거와현재,미래를아우르는종교적·역사적유구이자문화적자산

티베트의정신적지도자달라이라마(85)의첫한국인비구제자인청전스님은『인도불탑』의추천사를통해“이책은탑의연구보고서로우리가알고있던탑에대한지식에서벗어
나며탑신앙과함께바른역사적인신앙의탑을알게되리라확신한다.”라고전했다.
앞서언급했듯이탑은불교신자들에게단순한조형물이상의의미를지닌다.그것은붓다라는존재를향한신앙심의근원을상기시키는건축물이자부처님의존재를상징하는신성한‘문화’이다.
독자들은이책을통해기존의탑에대한기본적인지식의확장을넘어기나긴역사속에서조성되어온탑의특징과변화들을통해신심의의미를다시금되새겨보는소중한경험을하게될것이다.