Business and Human Rights (Between Obligation and Responsibility)

Business and Human Rights (Between Obligation and Responsibility)

$35.91
Description
As the process of globalization has accelerated in the 1990s, the
international community has increasingly preoccupied itself with the negative
impacts that those fast-paced globalizing processes have had on the enjoyment
of human rights. Considering that one distinctive feature of globalization is
h
the exponential growth of corporate power that has far-reaching implications
for human rights, it has every reason to pay increased attention to the need to
address the impacts of corporate activities on the enjoyment of human rights,
in particular those negative ones. As such, the international community
has responded to such a need
focusing its attention on how not only tO
1
clarify the Statc obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights in
relation to business activities, but also to clarify the content of the Corporate
responsibility and/or to establish the Corporate obligation to respect human
rights at the international level, notably that of transnational corporations that
have been increasingly implicated in human rights violations.'

-서문중에서
저자

Jong-GilWoo

저자:Jong-GilWoo
Jong-GilWOOholdsanLL.B.andaMasterofLawfromKoreaUniversityintheRepublicofKorea,obtainedin1992and1994respectively,aswellasanLL.M.fromHarvardLawSchoolin1995.HewascalledtotheNYStateBarin2006.ThethesismakesextensiveuseofofficialUNpublications,includingpublicresolutions,reports,generalcomments,andotherguidancedocuments,suchasthosefromtreatybodies,theHumanRightsCouncil,andtheUNGuidingPrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRights.However,theviewsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNations.

목차

Introduction_13

Part1:_Fundamentalsofthe“StateObligation”toRespect,ProtectandFulfil

HumanRightsinRelationtoBusinessActivitiesandthe“Corporate

Responsibility”toRespectHumanRights_19

Chapter1:LegalBases_19

A.LegalBases_27

I.InternationalHumanRightsNormsandStandards_27

1.TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights_29

2.InternationalTreaties_33

a.InternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights_35

b.InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights_39

c.OtherConventions_41

3.CustomaryInternationalLaw_43

4.IusCogens_46

5.GeneralPrinciplesofInternationalLaw_47

6._Standards(Combination/ZebraStandards)on

BusinessandHumanRights_49

B.InterimConclusions_52

Chapter2:DichotomyBetweenObligationandResponsibility_57

A.TheStateObligationtoProtect_58

I.TreatyProvisions_60

II.RequiredMeasures_64

1.Monitoring_64

2.Regulation_66

3.Adjudication_67

a.Investigation_68

b.Prosecution_68

c.Therighttoremedy_69

d.Reparation_70

4.PromotionalMeasures_70

B.TheCorporateResponsibilitytoRespect_71

I.TheDefinition_73

II.HumanRightsDueDiligence_74

C.InterimConclusions_84

Part2:InterpretativeGuidancebyUNTreatyBodies_89

Chapter3:InterpretativeGuidanceofVariousTreatyBodies_89

A.MainFunctionsofTreatyBodies_89

B.GeneralComments_93

C.ConcludingObservations_108

D.InterimConclusions_112

Chapter4:_GeneralCommentsonStateObligationsundertheInternational

CovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRightsintheContext

ofBusinessActivities_115

A.StateObligations_121

I.ObligationsofNon-discrimination_121

II._SpecificObligationsLinkedtoBusinessActivities,Including

ExtraterritorialObligation_123

1.Obligationtorespect_125

2.Obligationtoprotect_128

3.Obligationtofulfil_134

B.Remedies_135

I.GeneralPrinciples_136

II.Typesofremedies_138

C.InterimConclusions_141

Part3:Voluntaryvs.LegallyBindingApproach_148

Chapter5:_ExistingInternationalVoluntaryGuidelinesonBusinessand

HumanRights_148

A.OECDGuidelinesforMultinationalEnterprises_151

I.Maincontent_153

II.Enforcementmechanisms_155

B._ILOTripartiteDeclarationofPrinciplesConcerningMultinational

EnterprisesandSocialPolicy_160

I.Maincontent_162

II.Enforcementmechanisms_166

C.TheUNGuidingPrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRights_168

I.TheStateDutytoProtect_175

1.FoundationalPrinciples_175

2.OperationalPrinciples_177

II.TheCorporateResponsibilitytoRespect_178

1.FoundationalPrinciples_179

2.OperationalPrinciples_181

III.AccesstoRemedy_182

1.FoundationalPrinciple_182

2.OperationalPrinciples_183

a.State-basedjudicialmechanisms_183

b.State-basednon-judicialgrievancemechanisms_184

c.Non-state-basedgrievancemechanisms_184

d.Effectivenesscriteria_185

D.InterimConclusions_187

Chapter6:_GlobalEffortstoImposeDirectObligationonCompaniestoRespect

HumanRights_194

A.TheNormsonHumanRightsResponsibilitiesofCompanies_194

I.GeneralandSpecificObligations_196

II.GeneralProvisionsofImplementation_199

B.TheUnitedNationsHumanRightsCouncilTreaty-MakingProcess_200

I.TheEvolutionaryTrajectory_200

1.BusinessEnterprisesasSubjectofInternationalLaw_207

II._TheUNHumanRightsCouncilOpen-EndedIntergovernmental

WorkingGrouponTransnationalCorporationsandOtherBusiness

EnterpriseswithRespecttoHumanRights_213

1.ScopeofApplication_217

a.TransnationalCorporationsvs.AllBusinesses_217

b.ExtraterritorialObligation_221

c.DirectObligation_226

2.FormandContent_231

a.AnOverarchingGeneralFrameworkConvention_231

b._ThematicallyfocusedIndividualConventionsoranOptional

ProtocoltoanExistingHumanRightsAgreement_233

3.PossibleElements_234

a.DefinitionofLegalResponsibilities_238

b.HumanRightsDueDiligence_239

c.MonitoringandImplementationMechanisms_241

d.ExtraterritorialObligation_243

e._RelationshipBetweentheFutureTreatyandTradeand

InvestmentAgreements_244

4.TheAdded-Value_247

a.CodificationandClarification_247

b.EstablishmentofInternational-levelEnforcementMechanisms_248

C.InterimConclusions_249

Part4:_HumanRightsCouncilMechanismsRelevanttoBusinessand

HumanRights_255

Chapter7:HumanRightsCouncilMechanisms_255

A._TheWorkingGroupontheIssueofHumanRightsandTransnational

CorporationsandOtherBusinessEnterprises_256

I.TheMandateandWorkingMethods_256

II._OperationalizationoftheUNGuidingPrinciplesonBusinessand

HumanRights_262

B.TheAnnualForumonBusinessandHumanRights_276

I.MainActivitiesand