영어 교과서 ‘속살 보기’ 오류와 실수

이예식

UniversityofTexasatAustin을졸업(언어학박사)하고,경북대사범대학장과어학교육원원장,한국언어정보학회회장을지냈다.현재경북대사범대영어교육학과교수로있다.

머리말
Chapter1/표현의올바른어순&‘the’의올바른사용(TheCorrectWordOrderforConjoinedExpressionsandTheCorrectuseof‘the’)
1.왜항상소금과후추예요?(saltandpeppervs.pepperandsalt)
2.사랑이미움보다먼저랍니다(lovevs.hate)
3.어느것을먹나요?(coffeeandbreadvs.breadandcoffee)
4.KBS-TV의‘이슈&뉴스’,이표현은틀렸어요!(IssuesandNewsvs.NewsandIssues)
5.이문제의답은무엇일까요?(asolutionvs.ananswer)
6.밤낮없이당신만생각해요!(nightanddayvs.dayandnight)
7.달빛이비치는강(MoonRivervs.TheMoonRiver)
8.런던에는없는LondonBridge(LondonBridgevs.TheLondonBridge)
9.지구를영어로?(Earthvs.TheEarth,earthvs.theearth)
10.신기하고이상한얼음계곡(iceisfrozenvs.iceforms)
11.그럴시간이없어요!(Idon’thavetime.vs.Idon’thavethetime.)

Chapter2/한국어스타일로생각하지말아요!(StopThinkinginKorean!)
1.우리집이엄청커졌다고!(Ourhouseisverylarge.vs.Ourhousefeelsverylarge,indeed.)
2.한국사람은등산을너무좋아해!(gomountainclimbingvs.gohiking)
3.어르신과꼰대(elderlypeoplevs.oldpeople)
4.드디어,마침내,결국(finallyvs.atlastvs.eventually)
5.행복과기쁨사이(happyvs.glad)
6.내일영어시험은어쩌고?(Whatabout~?vs.Howabout~?)
7.이사람이우리와이프입니다(ourwifevs.mywife)
8.우리말‘친구’와영어의‘friend’(friendsvs.classmates)
9.이제제법어른처럼말하는구나!(amanvs.agrownup)
10.그잡지는재미있어요(interestingvs.fun)
11.난네가자랑스러워!(Iamproudofyou.vs.Ifeelproudofyou.)
12.생각은의견의주춧돌(ideavs.opinion)
13.나는지금어디?(theseavs.thebeachvs.thecoast)
14.‘vacation’이방학이라고?(vacationvs.holiday)
15.맛과풍미(tastevs.flavor)
16.몰래한사랑(alovervs.aboyfriend)
17.너의남자친구,정말이상해!(perfumevs.cologne)
18.‘agoodbike’와‘anicebike’(goodvs.nice)
19.Big과Large로말할것같으면(bigvs.large)
20.준비됐나요?(preparedvs.ready)
21.갑자기멈추면어떡해요!(suddenlyvs.quicklyvs.rapidly)
22.오늘날거의모든가정에TV가있습니다(nearlyvs.almost)

Chapter3/우리말간섭의흔적(TracesofMotherTongueInterference)
1.인형같이예쁘네요!(adollvs.astuffedanimal)
2.나는스파게티요리에능숙해요(begoodatvs.like~ing)
3.냄새에도있는맛(verydeliciousvs.delicious)
4.운이없다면슬픈것일까요?(unfortunatelyvs.sadly)
5.‘감사’와‘감사합니다’(Thanksvs.Thankyou)
6.You’resobeautiful.(sovs.really)
7.대략여섯시쯤저녁먹어요(aboutvs.around)
8.만나서반가워!(meetvs.see)
9.취미가뭐예요?(hobbyvs.interests)
10.그시험에합격할수있었어요(Icouldpasstheexam.vs.Iwasabletopasstheexam.)
11.장래무엇이되고싶니?(wanttovs.wouldliketo)
12.어떻게생각하세요?(thinkofvs.thinkabout)
13.로스트비프를먹을게요(havetheroastbeefvs.eattheroastbeef)
14.‘acooker’는요리사가아닙니다!(acookervs.acook)
15.가야할지와야할지,갈팡질팡한국식영어!(govs.come)

Chapter4/같아보이지만다른동사(TheyLooktheSamebutThey’reNot!)
1.주말에보는영화(watchamovievs.seeamovie)
2.공원에산책하러갑니다(goforawalkvs.takeawalk)
3.공부해야알수있죠(studyvs.learn)
4.시작이반이다(beginvs.start)
5.다끝날때까지끝난게아니야!(finishvs.end)
6.도착,당도,도달했어요?(arriveatvs.gettovs.reach)
7.세종대왕이한글을창제하셨어요(inventvs.create)
8.반려견과함께산책을(walkvs.takeforawalk)
9.밥을짓게빨리불을피워요!(makeafirevs.buildafire)
10.속삭임,대화,상담그리고연설까지!(sayvs.tellvs.talkvs.speak)
11.일방적으로말하지말아요!(Don’ttalkatmelikethat!vs.Don’ttalktomelikethat!)
12.감칠맛이필요해!(openvs.openup)
13.꿈도꾸지마!(Don’tdreamofit!vs.Don’tdreamaboutit!)
14.장갑을손에끼어요(wearvs.puton)
15.잃어버린구슬을찾아주세요(findthetwomarblesvs.discovertwomarbles)
16.길이막혔으니돌아가세요(closevs.shut)
17.재건축입니까?(wasrebuiltvs.wasbuiltagain)

Chapter5/영어문법세계탐험하기(ExploringtheWorldofEnglishGrammar)
1.문법공부는왜필요한가?(Youareboring.vs.Youarebored.)
2.변덕쟁이‘that’(Thecompanywarrantsthat~vs.Thecompanywarrants~)
3.사느냐,죽느냐그것이문제로다!(Tobe,ornottobevs.Beingornotbeing)
4.운좋게도합격했어요!(Igotaccepted!vs.Iwasaccepted!)
5.그녀에게생일선물을(getherabirthdaygiftvs.getabirthdaygiftforher)
6.비가올것같아요!(willvs.begoingto)
7.누구나군대에가야합니다(mustvs.haveto)
8.정중함도지나치면결례(MayItalktovs.CanIspeakto)
9.날사랑하잖아요?(Don’tyouloveme?vs.Doyouloveme?)
10.자주마시는맥주,많이마시는맥주(Texansoftendrinkbeerinsummer.vs.Texansdrinkbeerofteninsummer.)
11.곧비가내렸지(Soonvs.Soonafter)
12.모두,저마다,각각(allvs.everyvs.each)

Chapter6/이심전심(ToHavetheRightChemistry)
1.커피어떻게드시겠어요?(blackcoffeevs.coffeeblack)
2.이것,저것,그것이구분되나요?(thisvs.thatvs.it)
3.하지만,그럼에도불구하고(howevervs.neverthelessvs.nonetheless)
4.그건그렇고,어쨌든(Bythewayvs.Anyway)
5.아글쎄요,정그러시다면…(wellvs.then)
6.아무리더워도냉장고안에들어가서물을마시지마세요(invs.inside)
7.교장선생님앞에불려갔어요!(beforevs.infrontof)
8.친하니까간략히말해요(Thatsoundsgreat!vs.Soundsgreat!)
9.우와!정말놀랍네요!(surprisingvs.amazing)
10.창문이전혀없는집(withoutanywindowvs.nowindows)
11.격식너무‘많이’차리지마세요(lotsof,alotofvs.many,much)
12.문제없어요(Noproblemvs.Ofcourse)
13.물론이죠!(Ofcoursevs.Yes)

Chapter7/단수,복수결정은그들만의셈법(SingularorPlural?It‘sTheirOwnDecision!)
1.긴머리스타일(alonghairvs.longhair)
2.쉿!조용히하세요(Donotmakeanoise!vs.Don’tmakenoise!)
3.과일과야채를충분히섭취하세요(fruitandvegetablevs.fruitsandvegetables)
4.정의는셀수없어도불의는낱낱이세어처벌(justicevs.aterribleinjustice)
5.명백한증거는셀수있나요?(explicitevidencevs.explicitevidences)
6.열린자세와열린태도(openposture,receptiveattitudevs.anopenposture,areceptiveattitude)
7.단수,복수는그들만의셈법(Theaudiencewasvs.Theaudiencewere)
8.여러개를한번에하나씩고려하면단수취급(ThereisaMother’sDayandaFather’sDay.vs.ThereareMother’sDayandFather’sDay.)
9.존재하지않아도복수로취급(Theaudiencewasvs.Theaudiencewere)
10.하늘과바다도지분등기됩니다(theclear,blueskyvs.clear,blueskies)
부록(APPENDIX)

#영어교과서의오류와실수!친근함의함정에빠지지말자!
이책은현행‘중학교영어교과서6종’에나타난대표적인오류100가지를찾아내어올바른표현과함께그둘의차이점을재미있는일화와컬러삽화를곁들여이해하기쉽게설명하고있다.특히저자가일상에서경험한에피소드를예화로소개해같은상황에서실수하지않도록함으로써재미있게올바른영어를학습할수있도록했으며,뒤이어이론적인설명을덧붙여학습효과를높이고있다.
저자들은5년간국내중학교영어교과서를‘영어교육학과’영어원어민교수와함께꼼꼼히조사하여오류표현을찾았고,그것들을다시국내다른영어원어민강사15명에게설문을통해80%이상(12명)이오류라고응답해온것들만모아서분석,정리해서이책에실었다.
책에서언급하고있는‘오류100가지’는국내영어교과서저자들,즉최상급영어학습자들이잘못사용한표현이지만다른한편으로는한국어가모국어인사람이라면누구나흔히범할수있는실수들이다.일상생활에서자주쓰이고친근한표현들이왜잘못쓰이고있는지조차알수없는것들이다.
일례로,영어에서‘doll’은Barbie인형처럼사람형상의인형을,우리말‘인형’은사람뿐만아니라동물형상모두를가리킨다.그러나교과서대화문에서는동물형상의장난감을가리키며‘doll’을사용했다.동물형상의장난감의영어단어는‘stuffedanimal’이다.저자들은우리말‘인형’은사람과동물형상을구분하지않지만,영어에서는‘stuffedanimal’과‘doll’로구분한다고설명한다.교과서저자들조차모국어의영향으로한국어와영어간의개념적불일치를보이는것이다.

#영어좀한다는사람도실수하는영어표현들
영어교과서에반복적으로잘못사용된영어표현은실수(mistake)라기보다오류(error)라고할수있다.오류는단순실수로잘못사용한표현과달리잘못된표현이라는것을인식하지못한채반복적으로사용하는표현이다.영어교과서저자들은최고의영어전문가인데특정영어표현을왜지속해서잘못사용하고있을까?책에제시되고있는잘못된교과서영어표현들은어쩌면교과서저자들의해당표현에대한용법이영어원어민의수준에도달하지못한채화석화되어있음을보여주고있을지모른다.
1장에서는잘못된어순의병렬구조영어표현을다루고있는데,이는한국인영어학습자들의머릿속사전이원어민의머릿속사전에비해그만큼불완전하다는것을보여주고있다.2장과3장의한국어표현방식을따른영어표현들도교과서저자들의중간언어상태가영어원어민의언어능력에다가가있다기보다여전히한국어능력언저리에머물러있음을보여준다.4장에서다루고있는영어동사의오용도영어교과서저자를포함한한국인영어학습자들의머릿속사전은영어원어민화자들의것과여전히사뭇다르다는것을보여준다.5장에서다룬틀린표현들도영어교과서저자들의중간언어가불완전한문법규칙으로구성되어있음을보여주는사례들이다.6장은단일표현의문법성을결정하는능력을넘어전체맥락에비추어해당표현의사용이적절한지를판단하는한국영어학습자의화용적능력이원어민의것에못미치고있음을보여준다.마지막으로7장이다루고있는단복수판단문제는영어를외국어로배우는사람들이극복하기가장어려운문제다.단수로취급할것인지복수로취급할것인지는원어민들도느낌에따라결정한다.이런원어민의언어능력에다가가기란그만큼어렵다.이판단능력을관장하는영어교과서저자들을포함한한국인들의영어중간언어능력도그만큼원어민화자의단복수결정능력에서멀어져있음을7장의사례들이증명하고있다.

#Ropealwaysbreaksatitsweakestpoint!
영어공부가어려운것은한국어와영어간의개념적차이와영어자체의문법적복잡성때문일것이다.게다가외국어를배우는과정은해당외국어의완전한언어능력에다가가는과정으로학습자의외국어능력은불완전할수밖에없다.섬세한영어표현의‘속살’에남은이러한오류와실수를극복하기위해세심한노력이필요하다.
이책은중학교영어교과서의오류를찾아바로잡았기에학생과영어교사에게귀중한참고자료로사용될수있고,영어초보자와고급영어사용자에게도도움이될것이다.이책을통해영어공부가습관처럼일상화되어‘쉽게이해되는영어’로다가가길기대한다.