한성백제 시간 여행자를 위한 친절한 안내서

김진호

고려대학교역사교육과를졸업하고,한신대학교에서박사과정을수료하였다.현재안산원곡고등학교에서국가와민족중심의박제된역사가아닌생생하고재미있는역사,타인을이해하는힘을기르는역사를가르치기위해노력하고있다.뜻있는교사들과함께체험학습연구회‘모아재’중등모임을만들어문화유산과박물관체험학습프로그램을만들고진행하고있다.저서로는『과학이깃든고대고분』,『경산압독국』,『생각이열리는창체한국사』(공저)등이있다.

프롤로그/9
제1장백제에대해우리가알고있다고생각하는것13
1.백제의시작········································15
■백제의건국세력은누구?/15
■온조와비류는친형제인가?/18
■백제의건국이야기에신비한이야기가없는이유는?/19
2.백제의발전과전성기···································21
■마한의중심국으로성장한백제/21
■근초고왕이왜에칠지도를선물한까닭은?/25
■백제가중국의서쪽을지배한대제국이었다고요?/27
■백제의중앙이지방을다스리는방법은?/30
3.삼국의각축과웅진시대································32
■한강을둘러싸고삼국이싸운이유는?/32
■왜!백제는웅진을도읍으로삼았을까?/34
■웅진천도초기의정치상황/36
■무령왕때다시강국으로우뚝서다/38
4.사비백제시기와멸망··································31
■성왕이수도를사비로옮긴이유는?/31
■서동요의주인공무왕은익산천도를계획했을까?/42
■나당연합군의공격에스러진백제의꿈/46
특집백제와일본의이상한관계······························48
■백제가일본을가르쳤다고?/48
■식민사학의대표적인거짓말,임나일본부설/51

제2장성(城)으로보는백제인의삶55
1.성이란무엇인가?····································57
■우리나라를‘성곽의나라’라고하는이유는?/57
■거주하는사람에따라성곽을분류하면?/60
■성쌓는재료에따라성곽을분류하면?/64
■서로다른고대삼국의성곽/69
2.백제의도성,풍납토성··································73
■한성백제도성의위치를둘러싼논쟁/73
■소외받고상처입은풍납토성(발굴의역사)/76
■백제축성기술의결정체,풍납토성/82
■발굴을통해드러난풍납토성의건축과정과시기/87
3.풍납토성둘러보기····································90
■성벽이잘남아있는북벽과동벽/90
■신성한공간,경당역사공원/92
■풍납백제문화공원/96
■개발과보존의기로에섰던풍납토성/100
4.몽촌토성둘러보기···································104
■몽촌토성이올림픽공원안에있는까닭은?/104
■몽촌토성이꿈마을로불린까닭은?/109
■몽촌토성과풍납토성의관계는?/111
■개로왕이흙을쪄서성을쌓았다고?/116
5.유물로보는백제의강남스타일···························121
■최고수준의토기가사용된한성백제/122
■기와와벽돌로보는백제의건축/124
■옷과꾸미개로보는세련된백제의패션/128
■집자리로보는백제인의주거생활과식생활/132
특집해상강국백제의대외교류·····························137
■뛰어난백제의항해술과선박/137
■수입명품으로보는백제의대외교류/139

제3장고분에담긴백제인의죽음143
1.백제인이죽음을기억하는방법···························145
■고분이란?/145
■무덤의주인공에따라고분을분류하면?/146
■무덤의구조와매장방식에따라고분을분류하면?/148
2.한성백제시기지배층의무덤,석촌동고분군·····················151
■돌마을로불린석촌동고분군/152
■개발과정에서훼손된석촌동고분군/153
■석촌동고분군에묻힌사람들은누구일까?/156
3.석촌동고분군둘러보기·································157
■석촌동고분군의돌무지무덤/157
■석촌동고분군중근초고왕의무덤은어디일까?/159
■석촌동고분군의다양한무덤들/162
4.백제인듯백제아닌방이동고분군··························164
특집한성백제의유적과유네스코세계유산························167
■우리나라의유네스코세계유산에대해서/167
■한성백제유적이세계유산이되기위해필요한것/171
에필로그/174

2,000년전의서울을찾아가는여행

누구나다알만한이야기겠지만우리가사는이곳에는시대마다다른사람들이살고있었습니다.사람이등장하기전에는또다른존재들이살고있었습니다.그들의흔적이우리가발딛고살고있는땅속에다양한두께의역사층으로형성되어있습니다.다만우리가먹고사는문제에바빠서잊고살뿐입니다.대한민국의정치적중심이자경제,문화의중심지인서울도여러시대의흔적들이쌓여있습니다.과거의유적들은옛모습그대로,혹은그때와는달라진모습으로우리에게나타납니다.우리는이런과거의유적들을통해우리안에있는과거의전통들을기억하고이를우리의정체성으로삼고살아갑니다.
그렇다면한국가의정치?경제?문화의중심으로서‘서울’의정체성은언제부터형성되었을까요?아마대부분의사람들은조선시대부터라고생각할것입니다.실제로1994년서울시에서는서울정도(定都)600주년행사를거창하게했습니다.하지만서울시뿐만아니라전국이들썩거릴정도로큰행사의한쪽에서조용히문제를제기한사람들이있었습니다.서울이우리역사의수도가된것은조선왕조가처음이아니라2,000년전의백제부터다고말입니다.그러나이벤트에목말라하던서울시와일반시민들의무관심속에이러한주장은커다란호수에떨어진자갈한개정도의파문만남기고지나갔습니다.결국서울의역사는600년으로축소되었고,이후계속된대규모의개발은조선시대이전의유적들을파괴하거나파괴될위험에놓이게만들었습니다.
하지만백제부터내려온중심지로서서울의역사상을복원하기위해역사연구자들을비롯한뜻있는분들은쉼없이노력했습니다.이러한노력은개발로파괴될위기에처했던풍납토성의재발견으로연결되었습니다.백제의방어용성정도로알려졌던풍납토성의본격적인발굴로백제도성의웅장함과백제도성사람들의화려한생활모습이하나,둘씩드러났습니다.사람들은비로소우리가살고있는서울의밑바닥에고요히가라앉아있던백제의모습을보게된것입니다.
하지만풍납토성이외에다양한한성시기백제기의문화유산들은서울시의개발과정에서제모습을찾기어려울정도로파괴되었습니다.또한거대도시서울이라는두껍게칠해진화장밑으로깊숙이숨겨져있는것도많습니다.서울에남아있는백제의유적들은왜이렇게홀대를받았을까요?
그동안서울은남보다더잘살기위해처절한싸움을벌이는경쟁의장이었습니다.남보다한발이라도더앞서려는노력은빠른경제발전을가져왔지만뒤처지는사람에대한배려는물론과거유산의전승은생각도하지못했습니다.다시말하면우리가누구인가에대한진지한물음에답하지않고‘오늘을즐기자’에몸과정신을맡긴채살아온것입니다.하지만최근풍요로운사회의안쪽에서팍팍하고빈곤한개인의모습을발견하고새로운삶의방향을고민하는사람들이많아지고있습니다.이러한고민이역사속에서우리가잃어버린얼굴중하나인백제인의얼굴을되찾자는노력으로발전하고있습니다.서울이‘사람사는곳’으로변하기위해서는서울에사는사람들이다양하고풍부한인간성을가져야합니다.내속에다양하고풍부한인간성이있어야타인에대한이해도넓어집니다.한성백제시간여행은백제인이라는과거사람들을이해하는여행입니다.백제인의넉넉한마음과타인을이해하고기꺼이받아들이는개방성이서울시민뿐만아니라서울을사랑하는많은사람들의인간성을더욱풍부하게해줄것으로믿습니다.