조선통치의 회고와 비판 : 일본인이 쓴 역징비록 (양장)
신한준,김슬옹역
훈민정음전공국어사학자이자한글운동가이다.2020년에《훈민정음》해례본만의순수연구로세번째박사학위를연세대국어국문학과에서받았다.일본식국한문
혼용체를연구하다가《조선통치의회고와비판》을발견하고극일차원에서일본의실상을알리는일에나섰다.《한글교양》,《한글혁명》등105권(공저70권)과140여편의학술논문을발표하였으며,40회세종문화상(학술)대통령상,삼일운동100주년기념국가대표33인상등을받았다.
옮긴이의글1·····························14
이책의내용구성에대하여······················26
옮긴이의글2·····························38
해설/역주참고문헌··························58
서문································64
1.합방의회고와한국문제·····················72
2.내가품었던한국반쪽내기계획·················85
3.어쩔수없이이루어진일한병합··················91
4.병합에직면하여·························97
5.병합직후의학제개혁·····················105
6.교육제도의혁신························112
7.점진을추구한이토공작의치적·················120
8.일세의위인이토공작을생각하며················125
9.독단과전행으로이루어진경제공적···············130
10.지극히어려운화폐제도의정리················139
11.메가타남작을생각한다····················147
12.뛰어난위인인송병준백작에대하여··············154
13.조선사법제도의확립·····················163
14.통신행정이통일된경위····················169
15.사설철도의보호와장려····················177
16.지방진흥회의창설······················185
17.조선의사상문제·······················191
18.위생사상의보급·······················198
19.감격에충만했던그때······················205
20.남대문역앞폭탄사건과미즈노씨···············211
21.추억그대로·························215
22.그당시의남면정책에관한회고담···············224
23.인삼정책의개혁·······················232
24.획일주의의배격과차별적인‘일시동인’·············245
25.조선의옛날과지금······················250
26.조선반도의발전에힘쓰자···················253
27.조선거주26년의회고····················257
28.협력하고융합하여복지를도모하자··············266
29.이상향의건설························274
30.눈을떠가는조선민중에게···················287
31.국제관계에서보는조선통치·················296
32.조선청년은실업계로진출하라················304
33.본국의인재를배치하라····················314
34.관민이하나되는협력의효과··················322
35.궤도에오를때까지······················328
36.만주국의성립과조선·····················338
37.만주국개발과조선의사명···················348
38.우리제국의대륙정책의기초·················355
39.동아시아에방향을보여주는조선문제·············360
40.만주경영의기둥이되어라···················367
41.일본만주를대상으로하는조선경제계의진보·········370
42.경제적발전을원한다·····················379
43.본국의자본을활용하라····················385
44.본국관민의이해를바란다···················391
45.외국식민지와는다른우리의조선통치정책··········398
46.합리적관계를확립하라····················403
47.수입초과결제의고심·····················408
48.반도재계의추억·······················412
49.경모하는데라우치백작····················427
50.고(故)시모오카정무총감을추모함···············433
51.조선과나의감상·······················440
52.조선에대한회고·······················449
53.조선재임중의추억······················454
54.의기와열정의3년반·····················461
55.꿈과같은조선에서의25여년·················467
56.변해가는조선의모습·····················473
57.올바른길에눈을뜨는조선··················484
58.경찰제도의확립·······················489
59.개혁당시의경찰관훈련과교육················497
60.문화정치와학제개편·····················502
61.경성대학의설립경위·····················510
62.최초의조선전문교육·····················519
63.조선교육에관한관견·····················525
64.조선지방제도개정과지방분권················532
65.총독정치와민의드높이기(창달·················543
66.사법관의증원과우대를바란다················551
67.전매제도(專賣制度)창설의고심·················556
68.매우어려웠던치산치수사업··················560
69.조선철도이관(移管)의공적···················567
70.조선의전력통제·······················570
71.산업개발은일본과조선의협력················576
72.조선의사업이빠르게발전하기를바란다············585
73.조선농사에대한견해·····················590
74.쌀정책의전환은?·······················598
75.조선의증산계획을부활시켜라················605
76.조선의자원을개발하라····················609
77.금생산사업의발전을바란다·················614
78.획일적행정의배제······················621
79.조선인인재의배출을바란다·················627
80.일본과조선융화의실현····················636
81.일본과조선의융화는통혼으로················641
82.일본과조선생활경제의생명선················648
83.재계공황(패닉당시의회고···················655
84.재계공황당시의고충·····················661
85.황폐가극에달했던조선····················665
86.재정파탄지경에이른한국정부················672
87.부산땅의매립과조선철도의창설···············680
88.무인들판을개척한목포개항·················688
89.쌀증산계획을수행하기바란다················694
90.조선사과를맛있게먹으면서··················700
[부록1]일본연호표·······················704
[부록2]일본측연표:일조관계연표(日朝係年表)·········708
일본의양심지식인의눈으로본,이책번역의필요성
이책번역이끝나갈무렵에이책이1995년에복간판이라는이름으로영인본이출판된것을알았다.한일병합사총서1권이다.이역시순간섬ㅤㅉㅣㅅ했다.
설마한일병합에대한자긍심의역사재현을위해1권으로낸것일까,자화자찬식
꿈과과거에대한그리움인가?다행히복간본책임자인히사겐타로(久源太)의후기는그런우려를벗어나게했다.그후기를그대로옮기면우리가왜괴롭고아픈역사를알기위해번역의고통을감수해야하는지알수있다.그논조를그대로따라가보자.
“한일병합(일명‘통치’)이일본근대사연구상불법수탈과침략으로가득찬정책이었음은일찍부터지적되어왔다.그것은메이지44년부터다이쇼원년에걸쳐당시조선총독부재직자들의입에서도,그죄악성(일부에한정되어있기는하나)을이야기한것에서도알수있다.
야마베겐타로의일련의논문,발굴된자료〈(조선보호및병합〉,〈독립운동종식후의민족운동/대략〉)등을통해서도그것은선명하게전해진다.
‘한일병합’은불법수탈과침략의역사임을지적한일본의양심지식인들의논조2를지지하고있다.곧조선총독은절대적인권한을가지고있어‘소천황’이라불리기까지하는존재였다.또경찰기구를근간으로하는무단정치는결코‘선의의나쁜정치’라고할수있는것이아니라,수탈과전횡의정치라고해야한다는것이다.
또한수록된글들이“직책의쟁쟁한직함으로글을쓰고있으나,그대부분의내용은반성과참회가부족하다고해야한다.(さらに本篇に及んで役職の錚たる肩書で文章を書いているが、その殆どの容は反省と懺悔に欠けるものといわなければならない。)”라고했다.
여기서양심일본인의한계가드러난다.‘부족한것’이아니라반성과참회는거의없다.그러나히사겐타로는이책의역사적가치만은정확히짚고있다.
이책전체가근대사의반면교사로서의의미를지니며후세에대한자료로버려서는안되는것도사실이다.집필자의전부라고해도좋은사람이당시정계,경제계,관계혹은재야의요직을맡고있었다는점에서증언력의중요성은상상된다.즉,야마베겐타로의일련의연구와표리를이루는,수탈하는측의논리가정리되어있는것이본서의특질이다.특히메이지다이쇼시대의전형적관료인사카타니요시로,‘만코내각’의기요우라게이고,외교관하야시곤스케등의회고는소위통치하는측의논리로가득차있고,경찰문제에지면을할애한총독부경무국장마츠이시게루의글에는3ㆍ1독립사건에대해한마디도언급되지않는등불가해한논조가너무많다.그중권두의우익우치다료헤이(흑룡회회장)의글에600여개를할애하여한일의‘합방’전후와25년후의정치적정황을세밀하게기록하고있어,오늘날의조선사연구에도충분히참고가된다.
(然るに本書全が近代史の反面師としての意味を持ち、後世への資料として捨て去るべきではないことも事である。執筆者のすべてといってよい者が、時の政界·界·官界
あるいは在野の要職に就いていたことからも言力の重要性は想像される。すなわち、山健太の一連の究と表裏をなす、奪する側の論理が纏められているのが本書の特質である。とりわけ明治·大正の典型的官僚·阪谷芳、＂鰻香閣＂の浦奎吾、外交官·林助などの回顧は、所謂統治する側の論理でちており、警察問題に費した督府警務局長松井茂の文章には、三·一立事件に一言もれられていないなど不可解な論調が多過ぎる。その中で、頭の右翼田良平(龍長)の一文は六百余を割いて、日韓の「合邦」前後と二十五年後の政治情況を細く記しており、今日の朝鮮史究にも充分考になるものである)
바로반면교사와미시사로서의가치다.‘반면교사’의의미는명확하다.일본은이런잘못을다시저지르지않기위해,한국은그런피해를더입지않기위한,우리에게는또다른징비록인셈이다.
조선의심장부인경복궁에있던조선총독부건물을김영삼전대통령이경복궁에서없앤것은잘한일이지만,그건물을다른곳에이전,설치했어야했다.그보다더한반면교사의역사가어디있겠는가?미시사로서의가치는매우섬세하고자세한이야기나역사적사실이풍부하게실려있다는점이다.한국역사교과서는상당부분거시사위주로가르치는경우가많다.이를테면1909년12월22일에이재명의사와그동지들이이완용을습격하여“이완용은겨우목숨을건졌다.”라고만배운다.그런데이때이완용의목숨을구한일본의명의의회고담이자세히나온다.열여덟번째글인‘위생사상의보급’이라는모리야스렌키치(森安連吉)의회고담이다.그는전조선총독부의원,내과부장,의학박사였다.
“내가부임한다음해의1월쯤에이완용수상이메이지거리에있는프랑스교회앞에서자객의기습을받았다.이완용씨피습사건이다.3이씨는곧대한의원외과에입원하였다.당시외과부장은군의총감키쿠치원장이겸임하고있었다.따라서외과에서는가능한치료를모두동원하였다.고열이계속되고좀처럼내리지않았다.이러한상태가계속되어내과진단이필요한것이아닌가생각하였다.그러나이씨의부상은앞에서껴안고흉기로등을찔렀기때문에상처가가슴막(늑막)까지도달하였다.내가진찰한결과가슴막에많은피와물이고여있어이것때문에높은열이계속되고있었다.당시이완용씨의진찰에는이윤용,조중응,송병준씨등이입회하였다.결국,고인피와물을어떻게하느냐가문제였다.나는가슴막에있는물을빼내려면침을놓아빼지않으면방법이없다고설명하였다.아플
것이라말하는사람도있었으나,일시적고통은참고이방법으로치료할수밖에없다고다시설명하였다.마침내침을놓았다.혈액성의물이나왔고,치료를마치자열도내렸으며,점차경과가좋아져퇴원하게되었다.내가한국정부로부터2등훈장을받은것은아마도그런관계(이완용씨때문가아니었나상상했다.”
그가말한자객은우리에게는독립투사였다.결국이사건으로이재명독립투사는사형당했지만,이완용은악착같이살아무려16년을더살다가1926년에죽었다.의사에게아군과적군의구별은필요없지만,그의의사로서의책무와실력이매국노를살려한국민에게는또다른고통을주었으니그는결국일본인의사였을뿐인가?이런회고담이주는역사적의미는독자각자에게맡길수밖에없을듯도싶다.